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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.arg.0#2

Table of Contents: From the Indian Campaign to Alexander's Death

Passage 605 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Summary of the second part of Book 17, covering Alexander's invasion of India, the battle with Porus, the retreat, the return to Babylon, and the king's death.

§17.arg.0#2ἐμβολὴ εἰς τὴν Ἰνδικὴν καὶ ἀναίρεσις ἄρδην τοῦ πρώτου ἔθνους πρὸς κατάπληξιν τῶν ἄλλων.
The invasion into India, and the utter destruction of the first tribe to strike terror into the others.
ὡς τὴν Νυσίαν ὀνομαζομένην πόλιν εὐεργέτησε διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ Διονύσου συγγένειαν.
How he benefited the city called Nysa because of its connection with Dionysus.
ὡς Μάσσακα πόλιν ὀχυρὰν ἐκπορθήσας τοὺς μισθοφόρους ἅπαντας λαμπρῶς ἀγωνισαμένους κατέκοψεν.
How, having taken the strong city of Massaga by storm, he cut down all the mercenaries who had fought brilliantly.
ὡς τὴν Ἄορνον καλουμένην Πέτραν, ἀνάλωτον ἀεὶ γεγενημένην, ἐξεπολιόρκησεν.
How he took by siege the Rock called Aornus, which had always been impregnable.
ὡς Ταξίλην μὲν τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἰνδῶν προσηγάγετο, Πῶρον δὲ μεγάλῃ παρατάξει νικήσας καὶ τοῦ σώματος κρατήσας, ἀπέδωκε τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῷ διʼ ἀνδραγαθίαν.
How he won over Taxiles, the king of the Indians, but having defeated Porus in a great battle and captured his person, he restored his kingdom to him because of his bravery.
ἀπαγγελία τῶν κατὰ τὴν χώραν παραδόξων ὄφεών τε καὶ τῶν φυομένων καρπῶν.
A report of the marvelous serpents and the fruits growing in the country.
ὡς τὰ πλησιόχωρα τῶν ἐθνῶν τὰ μὲν προσηγάγετο, τὰ δὲ κατεπολέμησεν.
How he won over some of the neighboring tribes, and subdued others.
ὡς τὴν ὑπὸ Σωπείθην τεταγμένην ἐχειρώσατο.
How he subdued the territory ruled under Sopeithes.
περὶ τῆς εὐνομίας τῶν ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χώρᾳ πόλεων.
Concerning the good government of the cities in this country.
περὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς τῶν δωρηθέντων Ἀλεξάνδρῳ κυνῶν.
Concerning the excellence of the dogs presented to Alexander.
περὶ τῆς ἀφηγήσεως τοῦ Ἰνδῶν βασιλέως.
Concerning the account given by the king of the Indians.
ὡς τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου βουλομένου διαβῆναι τὸν Γάγγην ποταμὸν καὶ στρατεύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Γανδαρίδας ὀνομαζομένους οἱ Μακεδόνες οὐχ ὑπήκουσαν.
How, when Alexander wished to cross the Ganges River and campaign against those called the Gandaridae, the Macedonians refused to obey.
ὡς ὅρια θέμενος τῆς στρατείας ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπῆλθε τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν Ἰνδῶν.
How the king, having set limits to his campaign, traversed the remaining parts of India.
ὡς διὰ τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ ποταμοῦ κατέπλευσεν ἐπὶ τὸν κατὰ μεσημβρίαν Ὠκεανόν, καὶ τοξευθεὶς ἐκινδύνευσεν.
How he sailed down the Indus River to the southern Ocean, and having been wounded by an arrow, was in danger of his life.
περὶ τῆς γενομένης μονομαχίας ἐκ προκλήσεως.
Concerning the single combat that took place by challenge.
περὶ τῶν καταπολεμηθέντων Ἰνδῶν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ μέχρι τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ.
Concerning the Indians who were subdued on both sides of the river as far as the Ocean.
περὶ τῶν παραδόξων καὶ νομίμων παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις καὶ τῶν θηριώδη βίον ἐχόντων.
Concerning the wonders and customs among the inhabitants, and those who lead a beast-like life.
ὡς οἱ τὸν Ὠκεανὸν πλεύσαντες συνέμιξαν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ παρὰ θάλατταν ἐστρατοπεδευκότι καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὸν πλοῦν ἀπήγγειλαν.
How those who had sailed the Ocean met with Alexander, who was encamped by the sea, and reported the events of their voyage.
ὡς πάλιν ἐκπλεύσαντες πολλὴν τῆς παραθαλαττίας χώρας παρέπλευσαν.
How, having sailed out again, they coasted along much of the coastal region.
ὡς τῶν Περσῶν τρισμυρίους νεανίσκους ἐπιλέξας καὶ παιδεύσας τὰ πολεμικὰ τῶν ἔργων ἀντίταγμα κατεσκεύασε τῇ Μακεδονικῇ φάλαγγι.
How, having selected thirty thousand young Persians and trained them in military tasks, he established them as a counter-force to the Macedonian phalanx.
ὡς Ἅρπαλος διὰ τὴν τρυφὴν καὶ τὰς ὑπερβολὰς τῶν δαπανημάτων διαβληθεὶς ἔφυγεν ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος καὶ τοῦ δήμου τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱκέτης ἐγένετο.
How Harpalus, having been accused because of his luxury and extravagant expenditures, fled from Babylon and became a suppliant of the Athenian people.
ὡς διαδρὰς ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἀνῃρέθη καὶ τῶν χρημάτων ἑπτακόσια μὲν τάλαντα παρέθετο τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις, τετρακισχίλια δὲ καὶ μισθοφόρους ὀκτακισχιλίους περὶ Ταίναρον τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἀπέλιπεν.
How, having escaped from Attica, he was killed, and of his money he deposited seven hundred talents with the Athenians, but left four thousand talents and eight thousand mercenaries near Taenarum in Laconia.
ὡς Ἀλέξανδρος τοὺς γεγηρακότας τῶν Μακεδόνων χρεολυτήσας καὶ καταναλώσας μύρια τάλαντα ἀπέλυσεν εἰς τὰς πατρίδας.
How Alexander, having discharged the debts of the aged Macedonians and spent ten thousand talents, dismissed them to their homelands.
ὡς στασιαζόντων τῶν Μακεδόνων ἐκόλασε τοὺς αἰτίους.
How, when the Macedonians mutinied, he punished those responsible.
ὡς Πευκέστης ἤγαγε πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον ἐκ τῶν Περσῶν ἐπιλέξας τοξότας καὶ σφενδονήτας μυρίους.
How Peucestas brought to Alexander ten thousand archers and slingers selected from the Persians.
ὡς τὰς τάξεις ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐποίησεν ἀναμίξας τοῖς Μακεδόσι Πέρσας.
How the king organized the ranks, mixing Persians with the Macedonians.
ὡς τοῖς ἐπιγόνοις παισὶ μυρίοις οὖσι τὰς δαπάνας καὶ παιδείας μισθοὺς ἅπασιν ἐχορήγει.
How he provided the expenses and education fees for all the children of the "Successors," who numbered ten thousand.
ὡς Λεωσθένης ἤρξατο κινεῖν τὸν πρὸς Μακεδόνας πόλεμον.
How Leosthenes began to stir up the war against the Macedonians.
ὡς Ἀλέξανδρος ἐπὶ Κοσσαίους ἐστράτευσεν.
How Alexander campaigned against the Cossaeans.
ὡς πορευομένου τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς Βαβυλῶνα προεῖπον οἱ Χαλδαῖοι τῷ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τελευτήσειν αὐτόν, ἐὰν εἰς τὴν Βαβυλῶνα εἰσέλθῃ.
How, as the king was marching to Babylon, the Chaldaeans foretold to Alexander that he would die if he should enter Babylon.
ὡς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν κατεπλάγη καὶ παρήλλαξε τὴν Βαβυλῶνα, ὕστερον δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν φιλοσόφων πεισθεὶς κατήντησεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν.
How the king at first was terrified and bypassed Babylon, but later, having been persuaded by the Greek philosophers, entered the city.
περὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν παραγενομένων πρεσβειῶν.
Concerning the multitude of the embassies that arrived.
περὶ τῆς Ἡφαιστίωνος ταφῆς καὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν εἰς αὐτὴν δαπανηθέντων χρημάτων.
Concerning the burial of Hephaestion, and the multitude of money spent on it.
περὶ τῶν σημείων τῶν γεγενημένων Ἀλεξάνδρῳ καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς αὐτοῦ.
Concerning the portents that appeared to Alexander, and his death.

Notes

  1. §17.arg.0#2πρὸς κατάπληξιν τῶν ἄλλων — "To strike terror into the others." The genitive τῶν ἄλλων accompanying the noun κατάπληξις is an objective genitive, indicating the terror felt "by" the others.
  2. §17.arg.0#2λαμπρῶς ἀγωνισαμένους — "Who had fought brilliantly." The aorist participle ἀγωνισαμένους modifies the preceding accusative μισθοφόρους, but in this context, it carries a concessive force ("although they had fought brilliantly").
  3. §17.arg.0#2τὴν ὑπὸ Σωπείθην τεταγμένην — "The territory ruled under Sopeithes." The perfect passive participle τεταγμένην is feminine accusative singular, with the noun χώραν (land) or βασιλείαν (kingdom) being omitted.
  4. §17.arg.0#2τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου βουλομένου... οἱ Μακεδόνες οὐχ ὑπήκουσαν — "When Alexander wished... the Macedonians refused to obey." The first part is a genitive absolute (τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου βουλομένου...), representing an action whose subject differs from that of the main clause (οἱ Μακεδόνες), here functioning concessively ("although Alexander wished...").
  5. §17.arg.0#2τελευτήσειν αὐτόν — "That he would die." This is an accusative and infinitive construction acting as the object of the verb προεῖπον (foretold), with the accusative pronoun αὐτόν serving as the subject of the future infinitive τελευτήσειν.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.arg.0#2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.arg.0%232

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