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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.63.1-17.63.5

Antipater's Victory and the Death of King Agis

Passage 668 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Antipater swiftly ended the war in Thrace and marched south to defeat the Greek coalition under King Agis of Sparta, who died heroically in battle. The author then transitions his historical narrative from Europe to Asia.

§17.63.1Ἀντίπατρος δὲ πυθόμενος τὴν τῶν Ἑλλήνων συνδρομὴν τὸν μὲν ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ πόλεμον ὥς ποτʼ ἦν δυνατὸν κατέλυσεν, εἰς δὲ τὴν Πελοπόννησον ἧκε μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως.
When Antipater learned of the gathering of the Greeks, he brought the war in Thrace to an end as best he could, and came to the Peloponnese with his entire force.
προσλαβόμενος δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῶν συμμαχούντων Ἑλλήνων στρατιώτας ἤθροισε τοὺς ἅπαντας οὐκ ἐλάττους τῶν τετρακισμυρίων.
Having also added soldiers from the Greeks who were in alliance, he assembled in all no fewer than forty thousand men.
§17.63.2γενομένης δὲ παρατάξεως μεγάλης ὁ μὲν Ἄγις μαχόμενος ἔπεσεν, οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολὺν μὲν ἐκθύμως χρόνον ἀγωνιζόμενοι διεκαρτέρουν, τῶν δὲ συμμάχων βιασθέντων καὶ αὐτοὶ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην ἐποιήσαντο.
When a great battle took place, Agis fell fighting, and the Lacedaemonians held out, fighting spiritedly for a long time, but when their allies were forced back, they also made their retreat to Sparta.
§17.63.3ἀνῃρέθησαν δʼ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τῶν μὲν Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τῶν συμμάχων πλείους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων καὶ τριακοσίων, τῶν δὲ μετʼ Ἀντιπάτρου τρισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι.
There were slain in the battle, of the Lacedaemonians and their allies, more than five thousand three hundred, and of those with Antipater, three thousand five hundred.
§17.63.4ἴδιον δέ τι συνέβη καὶ περὶ τὴν τοῦ Ἄγιδος τελευτὴν γενέσθαι·
A singular event also happened regarding the death of Agis.
ἀγωνισάμενος γὰρ λαμπρῶς καὶ πολλοῖς τραύμασιν ἐναντίοις περιπεσὼν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην ἀπεκομίζετο·
For having fought brilliantly and having received many wounds on the front of his body, he was being carried away by his soldiers toward Sparta.
περικατάληπτος δὲ γενόμενος καὶ τὰ καθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἀπογνοὺς τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις στρατιώταις προσέταξεν ἀπιέναι τὴν ταχίστην καὶ διασώζειν αὑτοὺς εἰς τὴν τῆς πατρίδος χρείαν, αὐτὸς δὲ καθοπλισθεὶς καὶ εἰς γόνυ διαναστὰς ἠμύνατο τοὺς πολεμίους καί τινας καταβαλὼν καὶ συνακοντισθεὶς κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον, ἄρξας ἔτη ἐννέα.
But when he was about to be surrounded and despaired of his own life, he ordered the other soldiers to depart as quickly as possible and save themselves for the service of their fatherland; and he himself, fully armed and rising to his knees, defended himself against the enemy, and after cutting down some and being struck by many javelins, he ended his life, having ruled for nine years.
§17.63.5ἡμεῖς δὲ διεληλυθότες τὰ πραχθέντα κατὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην ἐν μέρει τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν συντελεσθέντα διέξιμεν.
Having now gone through the events that occurred in Europe, we shall in turn relate those accomplished in Asia.

Notes

  1. 17.63.1ὥς ποτʼ ἦν δυνατὸν — Meaning 'in whatever way was possible' or 'as best he could.' This expression emphasizes the urgency with which Antipater wrapped up the Thracian campaign, even if hastily, to address the immediate threat in the Peloponnese.
  2. 17.63.4εἰς γόνυ διαναστὰς — A combination of the prepositional phrase εἰς γόνυ ('onto the knee') and the participle διαναστὰς ('having risen'). It describes Agis, who was too severely wounded to stand on his feet, raising his upper body into a kneeling position to face his enemies.
  3. 17.63.4συνακοντισθεὶς — The passive participle of συνακοντίζω, which features the prefix syn- ('together, at the same time'). It means 'being pelted with javelins from all sides,' indicating that Agis was overwhelmed by a volley of javelins thrown simultaneously by multiple enemies.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.63.1-17.63.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.63.1-17.63.5

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