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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.5.1-17.5.6

The Removal of Attalus and Persian Dynastic Intrigues

Passage 610 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The text recounts the consolidation of the Macedonian forces in Asia following the assassination of Attalus, and traces the political intrigues within the Persian royal house, specifically Bagoas the eunuch's assassinations of Ochus and Arses, his elevation of Darius, and his own eventual downfall.

§17.5.1ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐπεὶ τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα διήλθομεν, μεταβιβάσομεν τὸν λόγον ἐπὶ τὰς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν πράξεις.
Since we have run through the affairs in Greece, we shall shift our narrative to the deeds in Asia.
μετὰ γὰρ τὴν Φιλίππου τελευτὴν Ἄτταλος τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπεχείρει νεωτερίζειν καὶ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους συνετίθετο κοινοπραγίαν κατʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου, ὕστερον δὲ μετανοήσας τὴν μὲν ἀποδοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ παρὰ Δημοσθένους ἐπιστολὴν τηρήσας ἀπέστειλε πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον καὶ λόγοις φιλανθρώποις ἐπειρᾶτο τὰς καθʼ αὑτοῦ διαβολὰς ἀποτρίβεσθαι·
For after the death of Philip, Attalus at first attempted to make a revolution and agreed on a joint action with the Athenians against Alexander, but later repented and, having kept the letter delivered to him from Demosthenes, sent it to Alexander and tried with friendly words to clear himself of the accusations against him.
§17.5.2τοῦ δʼ Ἑκαταίου κατὰ τὰς τοῦ βασιλέως ἐντολὰς δολοφονήσαντος τὸν Ἄτταλον ἡ μὲν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν τῶν Μακεδόνων δύναμις ἐπαύσατο τοῦ μετεωρίζεσθαι πρὸς ἀπόστασιν, τοῦ μὲν Ἀττάλου πεφονευμένου, τοῦ δὲ Παρμενίωνος οἰκειότατα διακειμένου πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον.
But when Hecataeus, according to the king's commands, assassinated Attalus, the Macedonian force in Asia ceased to be agitated toward rebellion, since Attalus had been slain and Parmenion was disposed in a most friendly manner toward Alexander.
§17.5.3περὶ δὲ τῆς τῶν Περσῶν βασιλείας μέλλοντας ἡμᾶς ἀναγράφειν ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι βραχὺ τοῖς χρόνοις προαναλαβεῖν τὴν ἱστορίαν.
As we are about to record the kingdom of the Persians, it is necessary to resume the history a little earlier in time.
Φιλίππου γὰρ ἔτι βασιλεύοντος ἦρχε τῶν Περσῶν Ὦχος καὶ προσεφέρετο τοῖς ὑποτεταγμένοις ὠμῶς καὶ βιαίως.
For while Philip was still reigning, Ochus ruled the Persians and behaved toward his subjects cruelly and violently.
μισουμένου δὲ αὐτοῦ διὰ τὴν χαλεπότητα τῶν τρόπων Βαγώας ὁ χιλίαρχος, εὐνοῦχος μὲν ὢν τὴν ἕξιν, πονηρὸς δὲ καὶ πολεμικὸς τὴν φύσιν, ἀνεῖλε φαρμάκῳ τὸν Ὦχον διά τινος ἰατροῦ, τὸν δὲ νεώτατον τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀρσὴν εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν.
Because he was hated due to the harshness of his character, Bagoas the chiliarch, being a eunuch by physical condition but wicked and warlike by nature, killed Ochus with poison through a certain physician, and brought the youngest of the king's sons, Arses, to the throne.
§17.5.4ἀνεῖλε δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως, ὄντας νέους παντελῶς, ὅπως μονωθεὶς ὁ νεανίσκος μᾶλλον ὑπήκοος αὐτῷ γένηται.
He also killed the brothers of the king, who were completely young, so that the youth, being isolated, might become more obedient to him.
τοῦ δὲ μειρακίου ταῖς γενομέναις παρανομίαις προσκόπτοντος καὶ φανεροῦ καθεστῶτος ὅτι τιμωρήσεται τὸν αὐθέντην τῶν ἀνομημάτων φθάσας αὐτοῦ τὰς ἐπιβουλὰς ὁ Βαγώας ἀνεῖλε τὸν Ἀρσὴν μετὰ τῶν τέκνων τρίτον ἔτος ἤδη βασιλεύοντα.
But when the young man took offense at the lawless deeds that had been committed and it became clear that he would punish the perpetrator of the crimes, Bagoas, anticipating his plans, killed Arses with his children, while he was already reigning in his third year.
§17.5.5ἐρήμου δʼ ὄντος τοῦ βασιλέως οἴκου καὶ μηδενὸς ὄντος τοῦ κατὰ γένος διαδεξομένου τὴν ἀρχήν, προχειρισάμενος ἕνα τῶν φίλων Δαρεῖον ὄνομα τούτῳ συγκατεσκεύασε τὴν βασιλείαν.
The royal house being desolate and there being no one to succeed to the rule by lineage, Bagoas selected one of his friends named Darius and helped establish the kingdom for him.
οὗτος δʼ ἦν υἱὸς μὲν Ἀρσάνου τοῦ Ὀστάνου, ὃς ἦν ἀδελφὸς Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλεύσαντος.
This Darius was the son of Arsanes the son of Ostanis, who was the brother of Artaxerxes, who had ruled the Persians.
§17.5.6ἴδιον δέ τι συνέβη περὶ τὸν Βαγώαν γενέσθαι καὶ μνήμης ἄξιον· χρώμενος γὰρ τῇ συνήθει μιαιφονίᾳ τὸν Δαρεῖον ἐπεβάλετο διὰ φαρμακείας ἀνελεῖν·
A peculiar thing, and worthy of memory, happened concerning Bagoas; for making use of his customary murderous habit, he attempted to destroy Darius by poisoning.
μηνυθείσης δὲ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς ὁ βασιλεὺς ὡς ἐπί τινι φιλανθρωπίᾳ προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν Βαγώαν καὶ δοὺς τὸ ποτήριον ἠνάγκασε πιεῖν τὸ φάρμακον.
But the plot being disclosed, the king, as if on some friendly purpose, called Bagoas to him and, giving him the cup, forced him to drink the poison.

Notes

  1. §17.5.1μεταβιβάσομεν — The verb μεταβιβάσομεν is in the future indicative, used here as an "editorial future" where the author indicates his intention to shift the subject of the narrative from Greece to Asia.
  2. §17.5.2τοῦ μὲν Ἀττάλου πεφονευμένου, τοῦ δὲ Παρμενίωνος οἰκειότατα διακειμένου — These two genitive absolute clauses, coordinated by μὲν... δέ, explain the reasons or background for the main verb ἐπαύσατο (ceased), indicating that the army ceased to rebel because Attalus was killed and Parmenion remained loyal.
  3. §17.5.3εὐνοῦχος μὲν ὢν τὴν ἕξιν, πονηρὸς δὲ καὶ πολεμικὸς τὴν φύσιν — τὴν ἕξιν (with respect to physical condition) and τὴν φύσιν (with respect to nature) are accusatives of respect (or specification), defining the scope in which the participle ὢν and the adjectives πονηρὸς δὲ καὶ πολεμικὸς apply.
  4. §17.5.4φθάσας αὐτοῦ τὰς ἐπιβουλὰς — The verb φθάνω takes an accusative object (αὐτοῦ τὰς ἐπιβουλὰς) meaning "to anticipate" or "to forestall." It indicates that Bagoas acted before Arses could carry out his plans of revenge.
  5. §17.5.6ὡς ἐπί τινι φιλανθρωπίᾳ — The conjunction ὡς modifying the prepositional phrase ἐπί τινι φιλανθρωπίᾳ (on account of some friendliness) expresses the subjective pretext or appearance under which the subject (the king) acted, translating as "as if" or "under the pretense of."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.5.1-17.5.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.5.1-17.5.6

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