Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.26.1-17.26.7

Ephialtes' Sally and the Crisis of the Macedonians

Passage 631 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Ephialtes leads a select force to sally out, setting fire to the Macedonian siege engines and engaging in a fierce battle. Due to this bold assault and Memnon's reinforcements, Alexander finds himself in great difficulty.

§17.26.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἐφιάλτης βουλευομένων τῶν ἡγεμόνων συνεβούλευε μὴ περιμένειν ἕως ἂν ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἰχμάλωτοι καταστῶσιν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας προκινδυνεύοντας τῶν μισθοφόρων ἐπιθέσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις. §17.26.2ὁ δὲ Μέμνων ὁρῶν τὸν Ἐφιάλτην πρὸς ἀρετὴν ὁρμώμενον καὶ μεγάλας ἔχων ἐλπίδας ἐν αὐτῷ διὰ τὴν ἀνδρείαν καὶ τὴν τοῦ σώματος ῥώμην συνεχώρησεν αὐτῷ πράττειν ὃ βούλοιτο. §17.26.3ὁ δὲ δισχιλίους τῶν μισθοφόρων ἐπιλέκτους ἀναλαβὼν καὶ τοῖς ἡμίσεσι διαδοὺς δᾷδας ἡμμένας, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους ἀντιτάξας τοῖς πολεμίοις ἄφνω τὰς πύλας πάσας ἀνεπέτασεν.
this, while the commanders were deliberating, Ephialtes advised that they should not wait until they became captives when the city was taken, but that the commanders themselves, exposing themselves to danger in front of the mercenaries, should attack the enemy. Memnon, seeing Ephialtes eager for valor and having great hopes in him because of his courage and bodily strength, permitted him to do what he wished., taking two thousand selected men from among the mercenaries, distributed burning torches to half of them, and having drawn up the others against the enemy, suddenly threw open all the gates.
ἅμα δʼ ἡμέρᾳ μετὰ τούτων ἐκχυθεὶς τοῖς μὲν μηχανήμασιν ἐνῆκε πῦρ καὶ παραχρῆμα πολλὴν συνέβη γενέσθαι φλόγα, §17.26.4τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἐν βαθείᾳ φάλαγγι πεπυκνωμένων αὐτὸς προηγεῖτο καὶ τοῖς ἐκβοηθοῦσι Μακεδόσιν ἐπέρραξεν.
And at daybreak, sallying out with them, he set fire to the siege engines, and immediately it happened that a great flame arose. the others were packed in a deep phalanx, he himself led the way and crashed into the Macedonians who came out to help.
ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς κατανοήσας τὸ γινόμενον τοὺς μὲν προμάχους τῶν Μακεδόνων πρώτους ἔταξε, ἐφέδρους δʼ ἔστησε τοὺς ἐπιλέκτους· ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις τρίτους ἐπέταξεν ἑτέρους τοὺς ταῖς ἀνδραγαθίαις ὑπεράγοντας.
The king, having perceived what was happening, stationed the front-line fighters of the Macedonians first, and set the selected men as reserves; behind these, in the third position, he stationed others who surpassed in brave deeds.
αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸ πάντων τούτων ἡγούμενος ὑπέστη τοὺς πολεμίους, δόξαντας διὰ τὸ βάρος ἀκαταγωνίστους εἶναι.
He himself, leading in front of all these, withstood the enemy, who seemed because of their mass to be invincible.
ἐξέπεμψε δὲ καὶ τοὺς κατασβέσοντας τὴν φλόγα καὶ βοηθήσοντας ταῖς μηχαναῖς. §17.26.5ἅμα δὲ παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις τῆς τε βοῆς ἐξαισίου γινομένης καὶ τῶν σαλπίγγων σημαινουσῶν τὸ πολεμικὸν μέγας ἀγὼν συνέστη διὰ τὰς ἀρετὰς τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων καὶ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς φιλοτιμίας.
He also sent out men to extinguish the flame and to help the siege engines. the same time, as a tremendous shout arose on both sides and the trumpets sounded the battle signal, a great struggle took place because of the valor of the combatants and the excess of their rivalry.
τὸ μὲν οὖν πῦρ ἐκώλυσαν οἱ Μακεδόνες ἐπινεμηθῆναι, §17.26.6κατὰ δὲ τὴν μάχην ἐπλεονέκτουν οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἐφιάλτην· οὗτος γὰρ πολὺ προέχων τῶν ἄλλων τῇ τοῦ σώματος ῥώμῃ πολλοὺς ἀνῄρει τῶν εἰς χεῖρας ἐρχομένων.
Now, the Macedonians prevented the fire from spreading, in the battle Ephialtes and his men had the advantage; for he, far surpassing the others in bodily strength, slew many of those who came to close quarters.
οἵ τʼ ἐφεστῶτες ἐπὶ τῷ προσφάτως ἀντικατασκευασθέντι τείχει πολλοὺς ἀνῄρουν πυκνοῖς τοῖς βέλεσι χρώμενοι· ἑκατὸν γὰρ πηχῶν τὸ ὕψος πύργος ξύλινος κατεσκεύαστο, πλήρης καταπελτῶν ὀξυβελῶν. §17.26.7πολλῶν δὲ Μακεδόνων πιπτόντων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀναχωρούντων διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν βελῶν, τοῦ τε Μέμνονος πολλαπλασίοις στρατιώταις ἐπιβοηθοῦντος καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς πολλὴν ἀμηχανίαν ἐνέπιπτεν.
And those stationed on the wall recently built in turn also slew many, using dense missiles; for a wooden tower one hundred cubits in height had been constructed, full of sharp-pointed catapults. many Macedonians were falling and the others were retreating because of the multitude of missiles, and Memnon was coming to help with many times more soldiers, even the king himself fell into great difficulty.

Notes

  1. §17.26.1ἕως ἂν ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἰχμάλωτοι καταστῶσιν — ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως is a genitive absolute (using the aorist participle ἁλούσης), representing time or condition ('when/if the city is captured'), functioning within or alongside the clause ἕως ἂν ... καταστῶσιν (subjunctive aorist, 'until they should become...').
  2. §17.26.1προκινδυνεύοντας τῶν μισθοφόρων — The verb προκινδυνεύω (to expose oneself to danger in front of) takes a genitive, which is why τῶν μισθοφόρων is in the genitive case. The accusative participle προκινδυνεύοντας agrees with αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας (the subject accusative of the infinitive ἐπιθέσθαι).
  3. §17.26.4δόξαντας διὰ τὸ βάρος ἀκαταγωνίστους εἶναι — The participle δόξαντας is in the accusative masculine plural, modifying the preceding τοὺς πολεμίους (the enemy). εἶναι forms an infinitive construction dependent on δόξαντας ('the enemy, who seemed because of their weight to be invincible').
  4. §17.26.5τὸ μὲν οὖν πῦρ ἐκώλυσαν οἱ Μακεδόνες ἐπινεμηθῆναι — The infinitive ἐπινεμηθῆναι (aorist passive infinitive, meaning 'to spread' or 'to feed upon') functions as the complement of the verb of hindering ἐκώλυσαν ('the Macedonians prevented the fire from spreading').
  5. §17.26.7πολλῶν δὲ Μακεδόνων πιπτόντων ... τοῦ τε Μέμνονος ... ἐπιβοηθοῦντος — Multiple genitive absolute constructions (πολλῶν ... πιπτόντων, τῶν ἄλλων ἀναχωρούντων, and τοῦ ... Μέμνονος ... ἐπιβοηθοῦντος) are coordinated here to set the pressing background for the main clause καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς ... ἐνέπιπτεν.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.26.1-17.26.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.26.1-17.26.7

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.