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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.2.1-17.2.6

Alexander's Accession and Consolidation of Rule

Passage 607 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Alexander III succeeds to the throne, punishes his father's murderers, and stabilizes the kingdom. He wins over the army and the populace while plotting the assassination of Attalus, a potential rival to the throne, by dispatching Hecataeus to Asia.

§17.2.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος γὰρ Ἀθήνησιν Εὐαινέτου Ῥωμαῖοι κατέστησαν ὑπάτους Λεύκιον Φούριον καὶ Γάιον Μάνιον.
For when Evainetus was archon at Athens, the Romans appointed Lucius Furius and Gaius Maenius consuls.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Ἀλέξανδρος διαδεξάμενος τὴν βασιλείαν πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς φονεῖς τοῦ πατρὸς τῆς ἁρμοζούσης τιμωρίας ἠξίωσε, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῆς ταφῆς τοῦ γονέως τὴν ἐνδεχομένην ἐπιμέλειαν ποιησάμενος κατέστησε τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν πολὺ κάλλιον ἢ πάντες προσεδόκησαν.
During their term of office, Alexander succeeded to the kingdom, and first of all punished his father's murderers with the appropriate penalty; and after this, having paid all possible attention to his father's burial, he established the affairs of the kingdom far better than anyone had expected.
§17.2.2νέος γὰρ ὢν παντελῶς καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν ὑπό τινων καταφρονούμενος πρῶτον μὲν τὰ πλήθη οἰκείοις λόγοις παρεστήσατο πρὸς εὔνοιαν· ἔφη γὰρ ὄνομα μόνον διηλλάχθαι βασιλέως, τὰς δὲ πράξεις χειρισθήσεσθαι μηδὲν καταδεέστερον τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ πατρὸς γενομένης οἰκονομίας·
For being entirely young and on account of his age held in contempt by some, he first of all won over the multitudes to goodwill by fitting words; for he said that only the name of the king had changed, but that affairs would be managed in no way inferior to the administration under his father.
ἔπειτα ταῖς πρεσβείαις χρηματίσας φιλανθρώπως παρεκάλεσε τοὺς Ἕλληνας τηρεῖν τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν πατροπαράδοτον εὔνοιαν.
Next, having given audience to the embassies in a friendly manner, he urged the Greeks to maintain their traditional goodwill toward him.
§17.2.3τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν πυκνὰς ποιησάμενος ἐξοπλισίας μελέτας τε καὶ γυμνασίας πολεμικὰς εὐπειθῆ κατεσκεύασε τὴν δύναμιν.
And by making the soldiers perform frequent armed drills and military exercises, he made his force obedient.
ἔχων δὲ τῆς βασιλείας ἔφεδρον Ἄτταλον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Κλεοπάτρας τῆς ἐπιγαμηθείσης ὑπὸ Φιλίππου τοῦτον ἔκρινεν ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν μεταστῆσαι· καὶ γὰρ ἐτύγχανε παιδίον ἐκ τῆς Κλεοπάτρας γεγονὸς τῷ Φιλίππῳ τῆς τελευτῆς τοῦ βασιλέως ὀλίγαις πρότερον ἡμέραις.
Having as a rival claimant to the throne Attalus, the brother of Cleopatra who had been married by Philip, he decided to remove him from life; for indeed, a child happened to have been born to Philip by Cleopatra a few days before the king's death.
§17.2.4ὁ δʼ Ἄτταλος προαπεσταλμένος ἦν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν στρατηγὸς τῶν δυνάμεων μετὰ Παρμενίωνος, εὐεργετικὸς δʼ ὢν καὶ ταῖς ὁμιλίαις ἐκθεραπεύων τοὺς στρατιώτας μεγάλης ἐτύγχανεν ἀποδοχῆς ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ.
Attalus had been sent ahead into Asia as general of the forces along with Parmenion, and being beneficent and courting the soldiers by his conversations, he enjoyed great acceptance in the camp.
εὐλόγως οὖν τοῦτον εὐλαβεῖτο μήποτε τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀντιποιήσηται, συνεργοὺς λαβὼν τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς ἐναντιουμένους ἑαυτῷ.
He reasonably feared him, therefore, lest he should ever lay claim to the kingdom, taking as collaborators those of the Greeks who opposed him.
§17.2.5διόπερ τῶν φίλων προχειρισάμενος Ἑκαταῖον ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν μετὰ τῶν ἱκανῶν στρατιωτῶν, δοὺς ἐντολὰς μάλιστα μὲν ἀγαγεῖν ζῶντα τὸν Ἄτταλον, ἐὰν δὲ τοῦτο μὴ δύνηται κατεργάσασθαι, δολοφονῆσαι τὸν ἄνδρα τὴν ταχίστην.
For this reason, selecting Hecataeus from among his friends, he dispatched him to Asia with a sufficient number of soldiers, giving instructions, if possible, to bring Attalus back alive, but if he could not accomplish this, to assassinate the man as quickly as possible.
§17.2.6οὗτος μὲν οὖν διαβὰς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ συμμίξας τοῖς περὶ τὸν Παρμενίωνα καὶ Ἄτταλον ἐπετήρει τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προκεχειρισμένης πράξεως.
He, then, having crossed over into Asia and joined forces with Parmenion and Attalus, watched for the opportunity to carry out the assigned deed.

Notes

  1. 17.2.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος γὰρ Ἀθήνησιν Εὐαινέτου — Genitive absolute construction, a standard chronological formula used to indicate the year of the events by the name of the Athenian archon.
  2. 17.2.1τῆς ἁρμοζούσης τιμωρίας ἠξίωσε — The verb ἀξιόω ("deem worthy of", "inflict") is construed here with the accusative of the person affected (τοὺς φονεῖς) and the genitive of the penalty or desert (τιμωρίας).
  3. 17.2.2ὄνομα μόνον διηλλάχθαι βασιλέως — Accusative and infinitive construction in indirect discourse introduced by the main verb ἔφη. διηλλάχθαι is the perfect passive infinitive of διαλλάσσω ("to change", "exchange").
  4. 17.2.3ἔφεδρον — Literally meaning a "spare competitor" or "substitute" in athletic contests, here used metaphorically in a political and military context to denote a "rival claimant" or "potential competitor" who waits to seize the throne.
  5. 17.2.4εὐλόγως οὖν τοῦτον εὐλαβεῖτο μήποτε τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀντιποιήσηται — The verb of caution εὐλαβοῦμαι ("to beware", "fear") introduces a subordinate clause with the conjunction μή ("lest", "that") and the subjunctive verb ἀντιποιήσηται. The pronoun τοῦτον ("him") is anticipated from the subordinate clause to function as the direct object of the main verb (prolepsis).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.2.1-17.2.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.2.1-17.2.6

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