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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.63.1-16.63.5

Death of Archidamus and the End of Phalaecus

Passage 571 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The death of King Archidamus in Italy and his succession by Agis are narrated, along with the violent ends of the mercenaries and Phalaecus who had plundered the temple.

§16.63.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὁ μὲν Ἀρχίδαμος πλεύσας εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν καὶ συμμαχήσας τοῖς Ταραντίνοις ἔν τινι μάχῃ διαγωνισάμενος λαμπρῶς ἐτελεύτησεν, ἀνὴρ κατὰ μὲν τὴν στρατηγίαν καὶ τὸν ἄλλον βίον ἐπαινούμενος, κατὰ δὲ τὴν πρὸς Φωκεῖς συμμαχίαν μόνην βλασφημούμενος, ὡς μάλιστʼ αἴτιος γεγονὼς τῆς τῶν Δελφῶν καταλήψεως.
After these events, Archidamus, having sailed to Italy and allied with the Tarentines, died after fighting brilliantly in a certain battle; he was a man praised for his generalship and his life in general, but censured only for his alliance with the Phocians, on the ground that he had been chiefly responsible for the seizure of Delphi.
§16.63.2Ἀρχίδαμος μὲν οὖν ἐβασίλευσε τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἔτη τρία πρὸς τοῖς εἴκοσι, τὴν δʼ ἀρχὴν διαδεξάμενος Ἆγις ὁ υἱὸς ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη δεκαπέντε.
Archidamus, then, ruled over the Lacedaemonians for twenty-three years, and his son Agis, having succeeded to the rule, ruled for fifteen years.
ἔπειτα οἱ μὲν Ἀρχιδάμου μισθοφόροι μετεσχηκότες τῆς τοῦ μαντείου συλήσεως ὑπὸ τῶν Λευκανῶν κατηκοντίσθησαν, ὁ δὲ Φάλαικος ἐκπεσὼν ἐκ τῆς Λύκτου Κυδωνίαν πολιορκεῖν ἐπεχείρησεν.
Then the mercenaries of Archidamus who had shared in the plundering of the oracle were cut down by the javelins of the Lucanians, while Phalaecus, having been expelled from Lyktos, attempted to besiege Kydonia.
§16.63.3κατασκευάσαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ μηχανὰς πολιορκητικὰς καὶ προσάγοντος τῇ πόλει, κεραυνῶν πεσόντων αὗται μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου πυρὸς κατεφλέχθησαν, τῶν δὲ μισθοφόρων πολλοὶ παραβοηθοῦντες ταῖς μηχαναῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρησαν· ἐν οἷς ἦν καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς Φάλαικος.
When he had constructed siege engines and was bringing them against the city, lightning fell and these were burned up by the divine fire, and many of the mercenaries who ran to save the engines were destroyed by the fire; among these was also the general Phalaecus.
§16.63.4ἔνιοι δέ φασιν αὐτὸν προσκόψαντά τινι τῶν μισθοφόρων ὑπὸ τούτου σφαγῆναι.
But some say that having offended one of the mercenaries, he was slain by him.
οἱ δὲ περιλειφθέντες τῶν μισθοφόρων ἀναληφθέντες ὑπὸ Ἠλείων φυγάδων εἰς τὴν Πελοπόννησον ἐκομίσθησαν καὶ μετὰ τούτων ἐπολέμουν πρὸς Ἠλείους.
The remaining mercenaries, having been taken up by Elean exiles, were carried to the Peloponnese and with them waged war against the Eleans.
§16.63.5Ἀρκάδων δὲ συναγωνισαμένων τοῖς Ἠλείοις καὶ μάχῃ νικησάντων τοὺς φυγάδας πολλοὶ μὲν τῶν μισθοφόρων ἀνῃρέθησαν, οἱ δὲ περιλειφθέντες εἰς τετρακισχιλίους ἐζωγρήθησαν.
Since the Arcadians fought alongside the Eleans and defeated the exiles in battle, many of the mercenaries were slain, and the survivors, about four thousand, were taken alive.
διελομένων δὲ τῶν τε Ἀρκάδων καὶ Ἠλείων τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους οἱ μὲν Ἀρκάδες τοὺς ἑαυτοῖς μερισθέντας ἅπαντας ἐλαφυροπώλησαν, οἱ δʼ Ἠλεῖοι διὰ τὴν εἰς τὸ μαντεῖον παρανομίαν ἀπέσφαξαν.
When both the Arcadians and the Eleans divided the prisoners, the Arcadians sold as booty all who had been allotted to them, but the Eleans slaughtered theirs because of their lawlessness against the oracle.

Notes

  1. 16.63.1ἀνὴρ — An appositive noun to the subject of the main clause, `ὁ μὲν Ἀρχίδαμος`, accompanied by the nominative participles `ἐπαινούμενος` and `βλασφημούμενος` to describe his character.
  2. 16.63.1ὡς μάλιστʼ αἴτιος γεγονὼς — The particle `ὡς` with the perfect participle in the nominative case, expressing the subjective reason or ground alleged by those who censured him.
  3. 16.63.4προσκόψαντά τινι — Intransitive `προσκόπτω` ('to run against', 'to offend') governing the dative. Here it means 'having clashed with' or 'having offended' one of the mercenaries.
  4. 16.63.5εἰς τετρακισχιλίους — The preposition `εἰς` used with a numeral to indicate an approximate number ('about', 'up to').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.63.1-16.63.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.63.1-16.63.5

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