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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.31.1-16.31.7

The Death of Philomelus and Contemporary Events

Passage 539 of 723 · Greek

Summary

After retaliatory executions between the Boeotians and the Phocians, the Phocians were defeated in battle, leading to Philomelus' suicide by throwing himself off a cliff and Onomarchus' succession to command. Meanwhile, King Philip of Macedon's campaigns, the succession in the Bosporan Kingdom, Rome's conflict with the Falisci, and the assassination of Dion in Sicily by Callippus are recorded.

§16.31.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οἱ μὲν Βοιωτοὶ κατὰ τὰς προνομὰς ζωγρήσαντες οὐκ ὀλίγους τῶν μισθοφόρων, προαγαγόντες πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐκήρυξαν ὅτι τούσδε τοὺς ἄνδρας οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες στρατευσαμένους μετὰ τῶν ἱεροσύλων θανάτῳ κολάζουσιν· εὐθὺς δὲ καὶ τῶν ἔργων τοῖς λόγοις ἀκολουθούντων ἅπαντας κατηκόντισαν.
After this, the Boeotians, having captured alive not a few of the mercenaries during their foraging raids, brought them before the city and proclaimed that the Amphictyons punish these men with death for having campaigned with the temple-robbers; and immediately, with deeds following the words, they executed them all with javelins.
§16.31.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις οἱ παρὰ τοῖς Φωκεῦσι μισθοφόροι παροξυνθέντες ἠξίουν τὸν Φιλόμηλον τῆς ὁμοίας τιμωρίας ἀξιῶσαι τοὺς πολεμίους, μεγάλην δὲ φιλονεικίαν εἰσενεγκάμενοι καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν κατὰ τὴν χώραν πλανωμένων παρὰ τοῖς πολεμίοις ζωγρήσαντες ἀνήγαγον, οὓς ἅπαντας ὁ Φιλόμηλος κατηκόντισε.
At this, the mercenaries on the side of the Phocians, being provoked, demanded that Philomelus deign the enemies worthy of the same punishment. Showing great rivalry, they captured alive and brought back many of those wandering about the countryside on the side of the enemy, all of whom Philomelus executed with javelins.
διὰ δὲ ταύτης τῆς κολάσεως τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐποίησαν μεθέσθαι τῆς ὑπερηφάνου καὶ δεινῆς τιμωρίας.
By means of this punishment, they made their opponents desist from their arrogant and dreadful retribution.
§16.31.3μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῶν δυνάμεων εἰς ἄλλην χώραν ἐμβαλουσῶν καὶ τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ποιουμένων διὰ τόπων καταδένδρων καὶ τραχέων ἄφνω συνέμιξαν ἀλλήλοις οἱ προηγούμενοι τῆς στρατιᾶς.
After this, when the forces invaded another territory and made their march through densely wooded and rugged places, suddenly the vanguards of the armies clashed with one another.
γενομένης δὲ συμπλοκῆς, εἶτα μάχης ἰσχυρᾶς οἱ Βοιωτοὶ τῷ πλήθει πολὺ προέχοντες ἐνίκησαν τοὺς Φωκεῖς.
A skirmish occurred, and then a fierce battle, in which the Boeotians, being far superior in numbers, defeated the Phocians.
§16.31.4τῆς δὲ φυγῆς γινομένης διὰ τόπου κρημνώδους καὶ δυσεξίτου πολλοὶ τῶν τε Φωκέων καὶ μισθοφόρων κατεκόπησαν· ὁ δὲ Φιλόμηλος ἐκθύμως ἀγωνισάμενος καὶ πολλοῖς τραύμασι περιπεσὼν εἴς τινα κρημνώδη τόπον συνεκλείσθη·
Since the flight took place through a precipitous and impassable country, many of both the Phocians and the mercenaries were cut down; but Philomelus, having fought desperately and received many wounds, was cornered in a certain precipitous place.
οὐκ ἔχων δὲ διέξοδον καὶ φοβούμενος τὴν ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας αἰκίαν ἑαυτὸν κατεκρήμνισε καὶ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον δοὺς τῷ δαιμονίῳ δίκας κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον.
Having no way out and fearing the outrage of captivity, he threw himself down the cliff, and in this manner, paying the penalty to the deity, he ended his life.
§16.31.5ὁ δὲ συνάρχων αὐτῷ στρατηγὸς Ὀνόμαρχος διαδεξάμενος τὴν ἡγεμονίαν καὶ μετὰ τῆς ἀνασωζομένης δυνάμεως ἀναχωρήσας ἀνελάμβανε τοὺς ἐκ τῆς φυγῆς ἐπανιόντας.
His colleague in command, General Onomarchus, succeeded to the leadership, and retreating with the surviving force, gathered those who were returning from the flight.
§16.31.6ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις Φίλιππος ὁ τῶν Μακεδόνων βασιλεὺς Μεθώνην μὲν ἐκπολιορκήσας καὶ διαρπάσας κατέσκαψε, Παγασὰς δὲ χειρωσάμενος ἠνάγκασεν ὑποταγῆναι.
While these things were being done, Philip, the king of the Macedonians, took Methone by siege, plundered it, and razed it to the ground, and having subdued Pagasae, forced it to submit.
κατὰ δὲ τὸν Πόντον Λεύκων ὁ τοῦ Βοσπόρου βασιλεὺς ἐτελεύτησεν ἄρξας ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα, τὴν δὲ ἀρχὴν διαδεξάμενος Σπάρτακος ὁ υἱὸς ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη πέντε.
In the region of the Pontus, Leucon, the king of the Bosporus, died after ruling forty years, and his son Spartacus succeeded to the rule and reigned for five years.
§16.31.7Ῥωμαίοις δὲ πρὸς Φαλίσκους συνέστη πόλεμος καὶ μέγα μὲν οὐδὲν οὐδʼ ἄξιον μνήμης ἐπετελέσθη, καταδρομαὶ δὲ καὶ πορθήσεις τῆς χώρας τῶν Φαλίσκων ἐγίνοντο.
For the Romans, a war arose against the Falisci, and nothing great or worthy of mention was accomplished, but raids and plundering of the territory of the Falisci took place.
κατὰ δὲ τὴν Σικελίαν Δίωνος τοῦ στρατηγοῦ σφαγέντος ὑπὸ Ζακυνθίων τινῶν μισθοφόρων τὴν ἡγεμονίαν διεδέξατο Κάλλιππος ὁ τούτους πρὸς τὸν φόνον παρασκευάσας καὶ ἦρξε μῆνας τρεισκαίδεκα.
In Sicily, when the general Dion was assassinated by certain mercenaries from Zacynthus, Callippus, who had prepared them for the murder, succeeded to the leadership and ruled for thirteen months.

Notes

  1. 16.31.1κατὰ τὰς προνομὰς — "during their foraging raids." The preposition κατὰ indicates time or circumstance, and the noun προνομή means "foraging" or "plundering excursion."
  2. 16.31.1τῶν ἔργων τοῖς λόγοις ἀκολουθούντων — Genitive absolute construction. The subject is τῶν ἔργων, meaning "with deeds immediately following the words (of the proclamation)," signifying that the execution was carried out without delay.
  3. 16.31.2τῆς ὁμοίας τιμωρίας ἀξιῶσαι τοὺς πολεμίους — The verb ἀξιόω takes an accusative of the person and a genitive of the thing, meaning "to deem someone worthy of something." Here τοὺς πολεμίους (the enemies) is in the accusative and τῆς ὁμοίας τιμωρίας (the same punishment) is in the genitive, with the entire infinitive phrase serving as the object of ἠξίουν.
  4. 16.31.4δοὺς τῷ δαιμονίῳ δίκας — A plural variation of the idiomatic expression δίκην δίδωμι ("to pay the penalty"). The dative τῷ δαιμονίῳ ("to the deity / divine power") represents the recipient of the punishment for sacrilege. It reflects the author's moral evaluation of Philomelus' tragic end after his plunder of the temple.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.31.1-16.31.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.31.1-16.31.7

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