§16.2.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος γὰρ Ἀθήνησι Καλλιμήδους Ὀλυμπιὰς μὲν ἤχθη πέμπτη πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Πῶρος Κυρηναῖος, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ κατέστησαν ὑπάτους Γναῖον Γενύκιον καὶ Λεύκιον Αἰμίλιον.
When Callimedes was archon in Athens, the one hundred and fifth Olympiad was celebrated, in which Porus of Cyrene won the stadion race, and the Romans established Gnaeus Genucius and Lucius Aemilius as consuls.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Φίλιππος ὁ Ἀμύντου υἱός, Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ τοῦ Πέρσας καταπολεμήσαντος πατήρ, παρέλαβε τὴν τῶν Μακεδόνων βασιλείαν διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας.
During their term of office, Philip, the son of Amyntas and father of Alexander who defeated the Persians, assumed the kingship of the Macedonians for the following reasons.
§16.2.2Ἀμύντου καταπολεμηθέντος ὑπὸ Ἰλλυριῶν καὶ φόρους τοῖς κρατήσασι τελεῖν ἀναγκασθέντος οἱ μὲν Ἰλλυριοὶ λαβόντες εἰς ὁμηρείαν Φίλιππον τὸν νεώτατον τῶν υἱῶν παρέθεντο τοῖς Θηβαίοις.
When Amyntas had been defeated by the Illyrians and forced to pay tribute to the victors, the Illyrians, having taken Philip, the youngest of the sons, as a hostage, entrusted him to the Thebans.
οὗτοι δὲ τῷ Ἐπαμεινώνδου πατρὶ παρέθεντο τὸν νεανίσκον καὶ προσέταξαν ἅμα τηρεῖν ἐπιμελῶς τὴν παρακαταθήκην καὶ προστατεῖν τῆς ἀγωγῆς καὶ παιδείας.
These in turn entrusted the youth to the father of Epaminondas and ordered him at once to guard the deposit carefully and to supervise his upbringing and education.
§16.2.3τοῦ δʼ Ἐπαμεινώνδου Πυθαγόριον ἔχοντος φιλόσοφον ἐπιστάτην συντρεφόμενος ὁ Φίλιππος μετέσχεν ἐπὶ πλεῖον τῶν Πυθαγορίων λόγων.
Since Epaminondas had a Pythagorean philosopher as his instructor, Philip, being brought up with him, partook widely of the Pythagorean doctrines.
ἀμφοτέρων δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν προσενεγκαμένων φύσιν τε καὶ φιλοπονίαν ὑπῆρξαν ἑκάτεροι διαφέροντες ἀρετῇ· ὧν Ἐπαμεινώνδας μὲν μεγάλους ἀγῶνας καὶ κινδύνους ὑπομείνας τῇ πατρίδι παραδόξως τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῆς Ἑλλάδος περιέθηκεν, ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος ταῖς αὐταῖς ἀφορμαῖς χρησάμενος οὐκ ἀπελείφθη τῆς Ἐπαμεινώνδου δόξης.
As both students showed both natural talent and industry, each of them became preeminent in virtue; of these, Epaminondas, having endured great struggles and dangers, unexpectedly bestowed the hegemony of Greece upon his fatherland, while Philip, using the same starting points, was not left behind the glory of Epaminondas.
§16.2.4μετὰ γὰρ τὴν Ἀμύντου τελευτὴν Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν υἱῶν διεδέξατο τὴν ἀρχήν.
For after the death of Amyntas, Alexander, the eldest of the sons, succeeded to the rule.
τοῦτον δὲ Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Ἀλωρίτης δολοφονήσας παρέλαβε τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ τοῦτον ὁμοίως Περδίκκας ἐπανελόμενος ἐβασίλευσεν.
But Ptolemy of Alorus assassinated him and assumed the kingship, and Perdiccas likewise dispatched him and became king.
τούτου δὲ παρατάξει μεγάλῃ λειφθέντος ὑπὸ Ἰλλυριῶν καὶ πεσόντος ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας Φίλιππος ὁ ἀδελφὸς διαδρὰς ἐκ τῆς ὁμηρείας παρέλαβε τὴν βασιλείαν κακῶς διακειμένην.
When this Perdiccas was defeated by the Illyrians in a great battle and fell in active service, his brother Philip, having escaped from his hostage-ship, assumed the kingship when it was in a critical state.
§16.2.5ἀνῄρηντο μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῇ παρατάξει Μακεδόνων πλείους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ καταπεπληγμένοι τὰς τῶν Ἰλλυριῶν δυνάμεις περίφοβοι καθειστήκεισαν καὶ πρὸς τὸ διαπολεμεῖν ἀθύμως εἶχον.
For more than four thousand of the Macedonians had been slain in the battle, and the survivors, terrified of the forces of the Illyrians, had been reduced to an extremity of fear and were disheartened with regard to continuing the war.
§16.2.6ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν Παίονες μὲν πλησίον τῆς Μακεδονίας οἰκοῦντες ἐπόρθουν τὴν χώραν καταφρονοῦντες τῶν Μακεδόνων, Ἰλλυριοὶ δὲ μεγάλας δυνάμεις ἤθροιζον καὶ στρατεύειν εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν παρεσκευάζοντο, Παυσανίας δέ τις τῆς βασιλικῆς συγγενείας κοινωνῶν ἐπεβάλλετο διὰ τοῦ Θρᾳκῶν βασιλέως ἐπὶ τὴν Μακεδονικὴν βασιλείαν κατιέναι.
And around the same time, the Paeonians, who lived near Macedonia, were plundering the land in contempt of the Macedonians, and the Illyrians were gathering great forces and preparing to invade Macedonia, while a certain Pausanias, who shared in the royal kinship, was attempting to return to the Macedonian throne by means of the king of the Thracians.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι πρὸς Φίλιππον ἀλλοτρίως ἔχοντες κατῆγον ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀργαῖον καὶ στρατηγὸν ἀπεστάλκεισαν Μαντίαν ἔχοντα τρισχιλίους μὲν ὁπλίτας, ναυτικὴν δὲ δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον.
Likewise, the Athenians also, being hostile to Philip, were bringing back Argaeus to the kingship and had sent the general Mantias with three thousand hoplites and a noteworthy naval force.