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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.18.1-16.18.5

Arrival of Nypsius and the Syracusan Naval Victory

Passage 526 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Dionysius sends Nypsius with a relief fleet, saving the mercenaries in the acropolis who were on the point of surrender due to famine. Although the Syracusans defeat the relief fleet in a naval battle, they become negligent in their guard duties due to overconfidence.

§16.18.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Διονύσιος μὲν στρατηγὸν ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὰς Συρακούσσας Νύψιον τὸν Νεαπολίτην, ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ συνέσει στρατηγικῇ διαφέροντα· συνεξέπεμψε δʼ αὐτῷ καὶ φορτηγὰ πλοῖα σίτου καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀγορᾶς γέμοντα.
After this, Dionysius sent Nypsius the Neapolitan, a man distinguished for bravery and military understanding, as general to Syracuse; and he also sent out with him cargo ships laden with grain and other provisions.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἐκ Λοκρῶν ἀναχθεὶς ἐτέλει τὸν εἰς Συρακούσσας πλοῦν.
This man, then, setting sail from Locri, was completing his voyage to Syracuse.
§16.18.2οἱ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν μισθοφόροι τοῦ τυράννου, κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ἐπιλιπόντος τοῦ σίτου, καὶ τῇ σπάνει τῶν ἀναγκαίων δεινῶς πιεζούμενοι μέχρι μέν τινος ὑπέμενον εὐψύχως τὴν ἔνδειαν, τῆς δὲ φύσεως ὑπὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἡττωμένης καὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀπογινωσκομένης συνδραμόντες εἰς ἐκκλησίαν νυκτὸς ἐψηφίσαντο παραδοῦναι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν καὶ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς τοῖς Συρακοσίοις ἅμʼ ἡμέρᾳ.
But the tyrant's mercenaries in the acropolis, since at this time the grain had failed and they were terribly pressed by the scarcity of necessary provisions, for a certain time endured the want with good courage; but when human nature was overcome by necessity and safety was despaired of, they ran together to an assembly at night and voted to surrender the acropolis and themselves to the Syracusans at daybreak.
§16.18.3ἤδη δὲ τῆς νυκτὸς ληγούσης οἱ μὲν μισθοφόροι κήρυκας ἐξέπεμπον πρὸς τοὺς Συρακοσίους περὶ τῆς διαλύσεως, ὁ δὲ Νύψιος διαφαινούσης ἤδη τῆς ἡμέρας κατέπλευσε μετὰ τοῦ στόλου καὶ καθωρμίσθη περὶ τὴν Ἀρέθουσαν.
And already as the night was ending, the mercenaries were sending heralds to the Syracusans concerning the settlement, but Nypsius, as day was already breaking, sailed in with his fleet and came to anchor near Arethusa.
διόπερ τῆς ἐνδείας παραχρῆμα μεταβαλούσης εἰς πολλὴν δαψίλειαν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ὁ μὲν στρατηγὸς Νύψιος ἐκβιβάσας τοὺς στρατιώτας, κοινὴν ἐκκλησίαν συναγαγὼν καὶ διαλεχθεὶς οἰκείως τοῖς παροῦσι καιροῖς, προθύμους κατεσκεύασε πρὸς τοὺς μέλλοντας κινδύνους.
Therefore, the want changing immediately into a great abundance of provisions, the general Nypsius, having disembarked his soldiers, gathered a common assembly and spoke appropriately to the present circumstances, making them eager for the coming dangers.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ἀκρόπολις ἤδη παραδιδομένη τοῖς Συρακοσίοις τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον ἀνελπίστως διεφυλάχθη,
Thus, then, the acropolis, though already being surrendered to the Syracusans in the manner described, was unexpectedly preserved.
§16.18.4οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι πληρώσαντες ἁπάσας τὰς τριήρεις ἐπέπλευσαν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἔτι περὶ τὴν ἐξαίρεσιν τῆς ἀγορᾶς διατρίβουσιν.
But the Syracusans, having manned all their triremes, sailed against the enemy while they were still occupied with the unloading of the provisions.
ἀπροσδοκήτου δὲ τῆς ἐφόδου γενομένης καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν μισθοφόρων τεθορυβημένως ἀντιταχθέντων ταῖς πολεμίαις τριήρεσιν, ἐγένετο ναυμαχία, καθʼ ἣν οἱ Συρακόσιοι προετέρησαν, καὶ τινὰς μὲν τῶν νεῶν κατέδυσαν, τινῶν δʼ ἐγκρατεῖς κατέστησαν, τὰς δὲ λοιπὰς πρὸς τὴν γῆν κατεδίωξαν.
Since the attack was unexpected and the mercenaries in the acropolis had drawn up in confusion against the enemy triremes, a sea-battle took place, in which the Syracusans gained the upper hand, and they sank some of the ships, got possession of others, and pursued the rest to the shore.
§16.18.5μετεωρισθέντες δʼ ἐπὶ τῷ προτερήματι τοῖς μὲν θεοῖς μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἔθυσαν ἐπινίκια, αὐτοὶ δʼ εἰς εὐωχίας καὶ πότους ἐκτραπέντες, καταφρονοῦντες τῶν ἡττημένων ῥᾳθύμως εἶχον τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακάς.
And being elated by their success, they sacrificed magnificently to the gods for victory, but turning themselves to feasting and drinking, they despised the defeated and were negligent about their guard-duties.

Notes

  1. 16.18.2ἐπιλιπόντος τοῦ σίτου — Genitive absolute construction consisting of the aorist active participle ἐπιλιπόντος (from ἐπιλείπω) and the noun τοῦ σίτου. It expresses time or cause ('when the grain ran out' or 'since the grain had failed').
  2. 16.18.3ἤδη παραδιδομένη — The present passive participle παραδιδομένη carries a conative or in-progress force ('was in the process of being surrendered' or 'was on the point of being surrendered'). Contrasted with the following aorist main verb διεφυλάχθη ('was preserved'), it emphasizes that the surrender was imminent but ultimately prevented.
  3. 16.18.5ῥᾳθύμως εἶχον τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακάς — The intransitive verb εἶχον (imperfect of ἔχω) combined with the adverb ῥᾳθύμως functions as a copula ('were in a careless state' = ῥᾴθυμοι ἦσαν), while the accusative phrase τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακάς ('the matters concerning the guards') acts as an accusative of respect (specification), meaning 'they were negligent regarding their guard-duties.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.18.1-16.18.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.18.1-16.18.5

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