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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.14.1-16.14.5

Assassination of Alexander of Pherae and Sacred War Historians

Passage 522 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Describes the assassination of Alexander, tyrant of Pherae, the subsequent affairs in Thessaly, and the coverage of the Sacred War by various contemporary historians.

§16.14.1κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἑλλάδα Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Φερῶν τύραννος ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας γυναικὸς Θήβης καὶ τῶν ταύτης ἀδελφῶν Λυκόφρονος καὶ Τισιφόνου ἐδολοφονήθη.
In Greece, Alexander the tyrant of Pherae was assassinated by his own wife Thebe and her brothers Lycophron and Tisiphonus.
οὗτοι δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὡς τυραννοκτόνοι μεγάλης ἐτύγχανον ἀποδοχῆς, ὕστερον δὲ μετανοήσαντες καὶ τοὺς μισθοφόρους χρήμασι πείσαντες ἀνέδειξαν ἑαυτοὺς τυράννους καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν τῶν ἀντιπραττομένων ἀνεῖλον, κατασκευασάμενοι δὲ τὴν δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον βίᾳ κατεῖχον τὴν ἀρχήν.
At first these, as tyrant-slayers, met with great approval, but later, changing their minds and having persuaded the mercenaries with money, they declared themselves tyrants, and killed many of those who opposed them, and having established a significant force, they held the rule by force.
§16.14.2οἱ δʼ Ἀλευάδαι καλούμενοι παρὰ τοῖς Θετταλοῖς, διʼ εὐγένειαν δὲ ἀξίωμα ἔχοντες περιβόητον ἀντεπράττοντο τοῖς τυράννοις.
And those called the Aleuadae among the Thessalians, having a famous prestige because of their noble birth, opposed the tyrants.
οὐκ ὄντες δὲ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἀξιόμαχοι προσελάβοντο Φίλιππον σύμμαχον τὸν Μακεδόνων βασιλέα.
But not being a match for them by themselves, they took as an ally Philip, the king of the Macedonians.
οὗτος δὲ παρελθὼν εἰς τὴν Θετταλίαν κατεπολέμησε τοὺς τυράννους καὶ ταῖς πόλεσιν ἀνακτησάμενος τὴν ἐλευθερίαν μεγάλην εὔνοιαν εἰς τοὺς Θετταλοὺς ἐνεδείξατο· διόπερ ἐν ταῖς μετὰ ταῦτα πράξεσιν ἀεὶ συναγωνιστὰς ἔσχεν οὐ μόνον αὐτός, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ὁ υἱὸς Ἀλέξανδρος.
And he, having entered Thessaly, defeated the tyrants, and having recovered freedom for the cities, showed great goodwill toward the Thessalians; wherefore in his subsequent actions he always had them as supporters, not only himself, but also later his son Alexander.
§16.14.3τῶν δὲ συγγραφέων Δημόφιλος μὲν ὁ Ἐφόρου τοῦ ἱστοριογράφου υἱὸς τὸν παραλειφθέντα πόλεμον ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός, ὀνομασθέντα δὲ ἱερόν, συντεταγμένος ἐντεῦθεν ἦρκται ἀπὸ τῆς καταλήψεως τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς ἱεροῦ καὶ τῆς συλήσεως τοῦ μαντείου ὑπὸ Φιλομήλου τοῦ Φωκέως· ἐγένετο δʼ ὁ πόλεμος οὗτος ἔτη ἕνδεκα ἕως τῆς φθορᾶς τῶν διανειμαμένων τὰ ἱερὰ χρήματα.
And among the historians, Demophilus, the son of the historian Ephorus, having composed the history of the war which had been omitted by his father and was named the Sacred War, began his account from here, namely from the seizure of the temple at Delphi and the plundering of the oracle by Philomelus the Phocian; and this war lasted eleven years, until the destruction of those who had distributed the sacred funds.
§16.14.4Καλλισθένης δὲ τὴν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν πραγμάτων ἱστορίαν γέγραφεν ἐν βύβλοις δέκα καὶ κατέστροφεν εἰς τὴν κατάληψιν τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ παρανομίαν Φιλομήλου τοῦ Φωκέως· §16.14.5Δίυλλος δʼ ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ἦρκται τῆς ἱστορίας ἀπὸ τῆς ἱεροσυλήσεως καὶ γέγραφε βύβλους εἴκοσι καὶ ἕξ, συμπεριλαβὼν πάσας τὰς ἐν τοῖς χρόνοις τούτοις γενομένας πράξεις περί τε τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ τὴν Σικελίαν.
And Callisthenes wrote the history of Greek affairs in ten books, and ended with the seizure of the temple and the lawlessness of Philomelus the Phocian; and Diyllus the Athenian began his history from the temple-robbery and wrote twenty-six books, encompassing all the events that occurred in these times both in Greece and in Sicily.

Notes

  1. 16.14.3τὸν παραλειφθέντα πόλεμον ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός — The passive participle `παραλειφθέντα` (left over, omitted) modifies `πόλεμον`. It refers to the Sacred War which was left unwritten or omitted by Demophilus' father, Ephorus, in his historical work.
  2. 16.14.3συντεταγμένος — The perfect middle/passive participle `συντεταγμένος` agrees in gender, number, and case with the subject `Δημόφιλος`. It is used here with an active or middle force, meaning 'having composed' or 'having compiled' the history of the war.
  3. 16.14.4κατέστροφεν — The perfect active of `καταστρέφω`, used here intransitively or reflexively to mean 'ended' or 'brought to a close', indicating the point at which Callisthenes concluded his historical narrative.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.14.1-16.14.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.14.1-16.14.5

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