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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.39.1-15.39.3

Rise of Thebes and the Genius of Epaminondas

Passage 451 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The passage outlines how the Thebans, under the exceptional leadership of Epaminondas and others, rose to challenge the land hegemony and defeated the Spartans, highlighting Epaminondas' education and military brilliance.

§15.39.1οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοι, τῇ τε ῥώμῃ τῶν σωμάτων καὶ ταῖς ἀλκαῖς διαφέροντες καὶ πολλαῖς μάχαις προνενικηκότες τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, μετέωροι τοῖς φρονήμασιν ὑπῆρχον καὶ τῆς κατὰ γῆν ἡγεμονίας ἠμφισβήτουν.
The Thebans, excelling in physical strength and courage, and having already defeated the Lacedaemonians in many battles, were high in spirit and disputed the hegemony by land.
οὐ διεψεύσθησαν δὲ τῆς ἐλπίδος διὰ τὰς εἰρημένας αἰτίας καὶ διὰ τὸ πλείονας ἔχειν ἀγαθοὺς ἡγεμόνας καὶ στρατηγοὺς κατὰ τοὺς ὑποκειμένους χρόνους.
And they were not disappointed in their expectation, both because of the aforementioned reasons and because of their having more good leaders and generals during the period under consideration.
§15.39.2ἐπιφανέστατοι δʼ ἦσαν Πελοπίδας καὶ Γοργίδας καὶ Ἐπαμεινώνδας· οὗτος γὰρ οὐ μόνον τῶν ὁμοεθνούντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντων Ἑλλήνων πολὺ προέσχεν ἀνδρείᾳ τε καὶ στρατηγικῇ συνέσει.
The most distinguished of them were Pelopidas, Gorgidas, and Epaminondas; for the last-mentioned far excelled not only his fellow countrymen but also all the Greeks in courage and strategic intellect.
μετέσχε γὰρ ἐπὶ πολὺ πάσης παιδείας, καὶ μάλιστα τῆς Πυθαγορικῆς φιλοσοφίας· πρὸς δὲ τούτοις φυσικοῖς προτερήμασι κεχορηγημένος, εἰκότως καὶ πράξεις ἐπιφανεστάτας συνετέλεσεν.
For he had participated deeply in all education, and especially in the Pythagorean philosophy; and besides this, being supplied with natural advantages, he naturally accomplished most illustrious deeds.
διὸ καὶ συναναγκασθεὶς ὀλίγοις πολιτικοῖς στρατιώταις πρὸς πάσας τὰς τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τῶν συμμάχων δυνάμεις ἀγωνίσασθαι, τοσοῦτον ὑπερέσχε τῶν ἀνικήτων στρατιωτῶν, ὥστε τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν Κλεόμβροτον ἀνελεῖν, τὸ δὲ πλῆθος τῶν ἀντιταχθέντων ἄρδην σχεδὸν κατακόψαι.
Therefore, when he was forced with a few citizen soldiers to contend against the entire forces of the Lacedaemonians and their allies, he so far surpassed those "undefeated" soldiers that he slew the king of the Spartans, Cleombrotus, and almost entirely cut to pieces the multitude of those arrayed against him.
§15.39.3καὶ τὰ τηλικαῦτα παραδόξως διεπράξατο διὰ τὴν ἀγχίνοιαν καὶ τὴν ἐκ παιδείας αὐτῷ περιγεγενημένην ἀρετήν.
And he performed such great deeds contrary to expectation because of his shrewdness and the virtue that had accrued to him from education.
ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐν τοῖς κατὰ μέρος ἐκτεθεῖσι σαφέστερον δηλώσομεν, νῦν δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ συνεχὲς τῆς ἱστορίας τρεψόμεθα.
But concerning these matters, we shall declare them more clearly a little later in the detailed accounts, and for now we shall turn to the continuous course of the history.

Notes

  1. §15.39.1διὰ τὸ πλείονας ἔχειν ... — The articular infinitive `τὸ ... ἔχειν` serves as the object of the preposition `διά`. The subject of the infinitive `ἔχειν` is the same as the main subject (the Thebans) and is therefore omitted. The adjective `πλείονας` (contracted form of `πλείους`, accusative plural) modifies `ἀγαθοὺς ἡγεμόνας καὶ στρατηγοὺς`.
  2. §15.39.2συναναγκασθεὶς ... ἀγωνίσασθαι — The passive participle `συναναγκασθείς` modifies the subject of the main clause (Epaminondas), taking the complementary infinitive `ἀγωνίσασθαι` ("forced to contend"). The dative `ὀλίγοις πολιτικοῖς στρατιώταις` functions as a dative of accompaniment ("with a few citizen soldiers").
  3. §15.39.2τοσοῦτον ὑπερέσχε ... ὥστε ... — The correlative construction `τοσοῦτον ... ὥστε` is used here: `τοσοῦτον` ("so much") modifies the verb `ὑπερέσχε` and introduces a result clause with `ὥστε`. Within the result clause, the infinitives `ἀνελεῖν` and `κατακόψαι` express the actual results, with Epaminondas as their implied subject.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.39.1-15.39.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.39.1-15.39.3

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