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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.76.1-14.76.4

Reversal of Fortune for Carthage and Himilcon's Suicide

Passage 370 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The swift downfall and reversal of fortune for the Carthaginian army is described, culminating in the tragic fate of their general Himilcon, who, after fleeing to Carthage and confessing his impiety, starves himself to death.

§14.76.1οὕτως μὲν οὖν τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις ἡ τύχη ταχεῖαν τὴν μεταβολὴν ἐποίησε, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἔδειξεν, ὡς οἱ μεῖζον τοῦ καθήκοντος ἐπαιρόμενοι ταχέως ἐξελέγχουσι τὴν ἰδίαν ἀσθένειαν.
In this way, then, fortune brought about a swift reverse for the Carthaginians, and demonstrated to all mankind how quickly those who lift themselves up beyond what is fitting expose their own weakness.
§14.76.2ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ τῶν κατὰ Σικελίαν πόλεων σχεδὸν ἁπασῶν πλὴν Συρακουσῶν κρατοῦντες, καὶ ταύτην ἁλώσεσθαι προσδοκῶντες, ἐξαίφνης ὑπὲρ τῆς ἰδίας πατρίδος ἀγωνιᾶν ἠναγκάσθησαν, καὶ τοὺς τάφους τῶν Συρακοσίων ἀνατρέψαντες πεντεκαίδεκα μυριάδας ἐπεῖδον ἀτάφους διὰ τὸν λοιμὸν σεσωρευμένους, πυρπολήσαντες δὲ τὴν χώραν τῶν Συρακοσίων ἐκ μεταβολῆς εὐθὺς εἶδον τὸν ἴδιον στόλον ἐμπυρισθέντα, εἰς δὲ τὸν λιμένα πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει καταπλέοντες ὑπερηφάνως, καὶ τοῖς Συρακοσίοις ἐπιδεικνύμενοι τὰς ἑαυτῶν εὐτυχίας, ἠγνόουν ἑαυτοὺς μέλλοντας νυκτὸς ἀποδράσεσθαι καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους ἐκδότους καταλιπεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις.
For though they ruled over almost all the cities in Sicily except Syracuse, and expected that this one too would be captured, they were suddenly forced to struggle for their own fatherland; and having overturned the tombs of the Syracusans, they beheld one hundred and fifty thousand piled up unburied because of the plague; and having burned the land of the Syracusans, they immediately saw, in a reverse of fortune, their own fleet set on fire; and sailing proudly into the harbor with all their force, and displaying their successes to the Syracusans, they were ignorant that they were about to flee by night and leave their allies betrayed to the enemy.
§14.76.3αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ στρατηγὸς ὁ ποιησάμενος σκηνὴν μὲν τὸ τοῦ Διὸς ἱερόν, πρόσοδον δὲ τὸν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν συληθέντα πλοῦτον, αἰσχρῶς μετʼ ὀλίγων εἰς Καρχηδόνα διέφυγεν, ὅπως μὴ τὸν ὀφειλόμενον τῇ φύσει θάνατον ἀποδοὺς ἀθῷος γένηται τῶν ἀσεβημάτων, ἀλλʼ ἐν τῇ πατρίδι περιβόητον ἔχῃ τὸν βίον ὑπὸ πάντων ὀνειδιζόμενος.
And the general himself, who had made the temple of Zeus his tent, and the wealth plundered from the temples his revenue, escaped shamefully with a few men to Carthage, so that he might not, by paying the debt of death owed to nature, go unpunished for his impieties, but rather lead a notorious life in his fatherland, reproached by all.
§14.76.4εἰς τοσοῦτο δʼ ἦλθεν ἀτυχίας, ὥστε μετὰ τῆς εὐτελεστάτης ἐσθῆτος περιῄει τοὺς κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ναοὺς κατηγορῶν τῆς ἰδίας ἀσεβείας καὶ περὶ τῶν εἰς θεοὺς ἁμαρτημάτων ὁμολογουμένην διδοὺς τιμωρίαν τῷ δαιμονίῳ.
Indeed, he fell into such misfortune that he went around the temples in the city wearing the cheapest clothing, accusing himself of his own impiety, and paying to the divine power an acknowledged punishment for his offenses against the gods.
τὸ δὲ τέλος ἑαυτοῦ καταγνοὺς θάνατον ἀπεκαρτέρησε, πολλὴν τοῖς πολίταις ἀπολιπὼν δεισιδαιμονίαν· εὐθὺ γὰρ καὶ τἄλλα τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον αὐτοῖς ἡ τύχη συνήθροισεν.
Finally, having condemned himself to death, he starved himself to death, leaving behind much superstition among the citizens; for fortune immediately accumulated for them other disasters of war as well.

Notes

  1. 14.76.1οἱ μεῖζον τοῦ καθήκοντος ἐπαιρόμενοι — Substantive use of the participle ἐπαιρόμενοι ('lifting themselves up, becoming proud'), with μεῖζον acting adverbially and τοῦ καθήκοντος as a genitive of comparison ('more than what is fitting').
  2. 14.76.2ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ τῶν κατὰ Σικελίαν πόλεων σχεδὸν ἁπασῶν πλὴν Συρακουσῶν κρατοῦντες — The participles κρατοῦντες and the following προσδοκῶντες are nominative and function concessively ('although they ruled... and expected...'). The verb κρατέω ('rule') takes the genitive, which governs τῶν ... πόλεων.
  3. 14.76.2εἶδον τὸν ἴδιον στόλον ἐμπυρισθέντα — Complementary structure of the verb of perception εἶδον ('saw'), where the accusative noun phrase τὸν ἴδιον στόλον is accompanied by the passive aorist participle ἐμπυρισθέντα, meaning 'they saw their own fleet set on fire.'
  4. 14.76.2ἠγνόουν ἑαυτοὺς μέλλοντας νυκτὸς ἀποδράσεσθαι — The verb ἠγνόουν takes the accusative reflexive pronoun ἑαυτούς and the participle μέλλοντας to mean 'they were ignorant that they themselves were about to...' The verb μέλλω governs the future infinitive ἀποδράσεσθαι ('to escape').
  5. 14.76.3ὅπως μὴ τὸν ὀφειλόμενον τῇ φύσει θάνατον ἀποδοὺς ἀθῷος γένηται τῶν ἀσεβημάτων — A negative purpose clause introduced by ὅπως μή with the subjunctive verbs γένηται and ἔχῃ. The adjective ἀθῷος ('unpunished, free from') governs the genitive of charge or penalty τῶν ἀσεβημάτων.
  6. 14.76.4ἑαυτοῦ καταγνοὺς θάνατον — The compound verb καταγιγνώσκω ('condemn, pronounce judgment') takes the person condemned in the genitive (ἑαυτοῦ) and the penalty in the accusative (θάνατον), meaning 'having condemned himself to death.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.76.1-14.76.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.76.1-14.76.4

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