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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.64.1-14.64.5

Syracusan Naval Victory and Theodorus' Speech

Passage 358 of 723 · Greek

Summary

In the absence of Dionysius, the Syracusans capture a Carthaginian ship and win a major victory in the ensuing sea battle. Elated by this success, the citizens begin to discuss overthrowing the tyrant, and during an assembly called by the returned Dionysius, Theodorus stands up to speak for their freedom.

§14.64.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Διονύσιος μὲν καὶ Λεπτίνης μετὰ μακρῶν νεῶν ἐξέπλεον ἀγορὰν βουλόμενοι παρακομίσαι, οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι καθʼ αὑτούς τε γενόμενοι καὶ κατὰ τύχην ἰδόντες σιτηγὸν πλοῖον προσφερόμενον, πέντε ναυσὶν ἐπέπλευσαν αὐτῷ, καὶ κατακυριεύσαντες κατῆγον εἰς τὴν πόλιν. §14.64.2τῶν δὲ Καρχηδονίων ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἀναχθέντων τετταράκοντα ναυσίν, οἱ Συρακόσιοι πάσας ἐπλήρωσαν τὰς ναῦς, καὶ ναυμαχήσαντες τῆς τε στρατηγίδος νεὼς ἐκυρίευσαν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων εἴκοσι καὶ τέτταρας διέφθειραν· καταδιώξαντες δὲ τὰς φευγούσας μέχρι τοῦ ναυστάθμου τῶν πολεμίων, προεκαλοῦντο τοὺς Καρχηδονίους εἰς ναυμαχίαν. §14.64.3ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὖν διὰ τὸ παράδοξον τεταραγμένοι ἡσυχίαν ἔσχον, οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι τὰς αἰχμαλώτους ναῦς ἀναψάμενοι κατήγαγον εἰς τὴν πόλιν.
After these events, Dionysius and Leptines set sail with warships, wishing to import provisions, while the Syracusans, being left to themselves and by chance seeing a grain-carrying ship approaching, sailed against it with five ships, and having mastered it, brought it into the city.\n When the Carthaginians put out to sea against them with forty ships, the Syracusans manned all their ships, and having fought a sea battle they captured the flagship and destroyed twenty-four of the others; and having pursued those fleeing as far as the naval station of the enemy, they challenged the Carthaginians to a sea battle.\n They, therefore, being thrown into confusion by the unexpectedness of the event, remained quiet, while the Syracusans, having towed the captured ships, brought them into the city.
μετεωρισθέντες δὲ τῷ προτερήματι, καὶ διαλογιζόμενοι τὸν μὲν Διονύσιον πλεονάκις ἡττημένον, αὑτοὺς δὲ χωρὶς ἐκείνου νενικηκότας Καρχηδονίους, φρονήματος ἐπληροῦντο. §14.64.4ἀθροιζόμενοι δὲ διελάλουν, ὅτι περιορῶσιν αὑτοὺς δουλεύοντας Διονυσίῳ, καὶ ταῦτα καιρὸν ἔχοντες τῆς καταλύσεως αὐτοῦ· τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον ἦσαν ἀφωπλισμένοι, τότε δὲ διὰ τὸν πόλεμον τῶν ὅπλων ἦσαν κύριοι. §14.64.5οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τοιούτων λόγων γινομένων Διονύσιος κατέπλευσε, καὶ συναγαγὼν ἐκκλησίαν ἐπῄνει τοὺς Συρακοσίους καὶ παρεκάλει θαρρεῖν, ἐπαγγελλόμενος ταχέως καταλύσειν τὸν πόλεμον.
Elated by their success, and reflecting that whereas Dionysius had been defeated many times, they themselves without him had conquered the Carthaginians, they were filled with pride.\n Gathering together, they began to discuss among themselves that they were tolerating their enslavement to Dionysius, and that too when they had an opportunity to overthrow him; for in the time before they had been disarmed, but at that time because of the war they were masters of their weapons.\n Nevertheless, while such words were being spoken, Dionysius sailed into port, and having called an assembly, he praised the Syracusans and exhorted them to be of good courage, promising that he would quickly bring the war to an end.
ἤδη δʼ αὐτοῦ μέλλοντος διαλύειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἀναστὰς Θεόδωρος ὁ Συρακόσιος, ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν εὐδοκιμῶν καὶ δοκῶν εἶναι πρακτικός, ἀπετόλμησε περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας τοιούτοις χρήσασθαι λόγοις.
But when he was already about to dismiss the assembly, Theodorus the Syracusan, who was highly esteemed among the cavalry and was considered to be a man of action, stood up and dared to speak in such terms concerning freedom.

Notes

  1. 14.64.1καθʼ αὑτούς τε γενόμενοι — The preposition κατά combined with the genitive plural of the reflexive pronoun αὑτῶν means 'by themselves' or 'alone.' Here, the aorist participle γενόμενοι describes the state of the Syracusans being left to themselves after Dionysius and Leptines had sailed away.
  2. 14.64.4καὶ ταῦτα — An idiomatic expression used with a participle (here, καιρὸν ἔχοντες) to mean 'and that too,' 'especially when,' or 'and this although.' It emphasizes the contrast between their tolerating servitude (periorōsin hautous douleuontas) and having a perfect opportunity to overthrow the tyrant.
  3. 14.64.5αὐτοῦ μέλλοντος — A genitive absolute construction where the pronoun αὐτοῦ acts as the subject and the present participle μέλλοντος as the predicate, establishing the temporal background: 'when he (Dionysius) was already about to...'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.64.1-14.64.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.64.1-14.64.5

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