Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.28.1-14.28.5

Blizzard in Armenia and Discovery of Underground Villages

Passage 322 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Greek army encounters a violent snowstorm in the Armenian mountains, suffering severe casualties among men and beasts due to the extreme cold, but they escape total destruction by finding underground villages filled with provisions.

§14.28.1ὁδοιποροῦντες δὲ διὰ τῶν Ἀρμενίων ὀρῶν ἐλήφθησαν ὑπὸ χιόνος πολλῆς, καὶ παρεκινδύνευσαν ἀπολέσθαι πάντες.
As they marched through the Armenian mountains, they were caught by a heavy snowstorm and ran the risk of all perishing.
τοῦ γὰρ ἀέρος τεταραγμένου τὸ μὲν πρῶτον κατʼ ὀλίγον ἤρξατο χιὼν πίπτειν ἐκ τοῦ περιέχοντος, ὥστε τοὺς ὁδοιποροῦντας μηδὲν ἐμποδίζεσθαι τῆς εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν πορείας·
For when the weather became turbulent, at first the snow began to fall gradually from the surrounding air, so that the travelers were not hindered at all in their forward progress.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πνεύματος ἐπιγινομένου μᾶλλον αἰεὶ κατερρίπτετο καὶ τὴν χώραν ἐπεκάλυπτεν, ὥστε μηκέτι δύνασθαι μήτε τὰς ὁδοὺς μήτε ὁλοσχερῶς τὰς ἰδιότητας τῶν τόπων θεωρεῖσθαι.
But after this, as a wind arose, it began to fall ever more heavily and covered the country, so that it was no longer possible to see either the roads or, indeed, any of the landmarks of the region.
§14.28.2διόπερ ἀθυμία τὸ στρατόπεδον ὑπεδύετο καὶ δέος, ἀνακάμπτειν μὲν εἰς ἀπώλειαν οὐ βουλομένων, προάγειν δὲ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν χιόνων οὐ δυναμένων.
Therefore, despondency and fear crept over the army, since they were unwilling to turn back, which would mean destruction, and yet were unable to advance because of the deep snow.
τοῦ δὲ χειμῶνος ἐπίτασιν λαμβάνοντος ἐπεγενήθη πνευμάτων μέγεθος μετὰ πολλῆς χαλάζης, ὥστε τοῦ συρμοῦ κατὰ πρόσωπον ὄντος ἀναγκασθῆναι καθίσαι τὴν δύναμιν ἅπασαν·
As the storm grew in intensity, a violent wind arose accompanied by much hail, so that since the blizzard was right in their faces, the entire force was compelled to halt.
ἕκαστος γὰρ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας κακοπάθειαν ὑπομένειν ἀδυνατῶν, οὗ ποτε τύχοι, μένειν ἠναγκάζετο.
For each man, being unable to endure the hardship of the march, was forced to remain wherever he happened to be.
§14.28.3ἀποροῦντες δὲ πάντων τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐκείνην μὲν τὴν ἡμέραν καὶ τὴν νύκτα διεκαρτέρουν ὑπαίθριοι, πολλοῖς συνεχόμενοι κακοῖς·
Lacking all necessaries, they held out through that day and night in the open air, beset by many miseries.
διὰ γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἐκχεομένης χιόνος τά τε ὅπλα πάντα συνεκαλύφθη καὶ τὰ σώματα διὰ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς αἰθρίας πάγον περιεψύχετο.
For because of the abundance of snow continuously pouring down, all their arms were covered, and their bodies were chilled by the frost from the clear sky.
διὰ δὲ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῶν κακῶν ὅλην τὴν νύκτα διηγρύπνουν·
Because of the extremity of their suffering they remained awake the whole night.
καὶ τινὲς μὲν πῦρ ἐκκαύσαντες τῆς ἀπὸ τούτου βοηθείας ἐτύγχανον, τινὲς δὲ περικαταληφθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ πάγου τὰ σώματα πᾶσαν ἀπεγίνωσκον ἐπικουρίαν, τῶν ἀκρωτηρίων αὐτοῖς σχεδὸν ἁπάντων ἀπονεκρουμένων.
And some, having lit fires, obtained help from them; but others, seized in their bodies by the frost, despaired of all relief, as almost all their extremities were becoming frostbitten.
§14.28.4διόπερ ὡς ἡ νὺξ διῆλθε, τῶν θʼ ὑποζυγίων τὰ πλεῖστα εὑρέθη διεφθαρμένα καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν πολλοὶ μὲν τετελευτηκότες, οὐκ ὀλίγοι δὲ τὴν μὲν ψυχὴν ἔχοντες ἔμφρονα, τὸ δὲ σῶμα διὰ τὸν πάγον ἀκίνητον·
Therefore, when the night had passed, most of the beasts of burden were found to have perished, and of the men, many were dead, while not a few, though keeping their minds conscious, had their bodies paralyzed by the cold.
ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐτυφλώθησαν διά τε τὸ ψῦχος καὶ τὴν ἀνταύγειαν τῆς χιόνος.
And some had also been blinded in their eyes by the cold and the glare of the snow.
§14.28.5καὶ τελείως ἂν ἅπαντες διεφθάρησαν, εἰ μὴ βραχὺ διελθόντες εὗρον κώμας γεμούσας τῶν ἐπιτηδείων.
And they would have perished utterly, every one of them, if they had not, after proceeding a short distance, found villages filled with provisions.
αὗται δὲ τὰς μὲν τοῖς ὑποζυγίοις καταβάσεις εἶχον ὀρυκτάς, τὰς δὲ τοῖς ἀνδράσι κατὰ κλιμάκων ταῖς οἰκίαις τά τε βοσκήματα τρεφόμενα χόρτῳ, τοῖς δʼ ἀνδράσι πολλὴν ἀφθονίαν πάντων τῶν πρὸς τὸ ζῆν ἀναγκαίων.
These had underground entrances dug out for the beasts of burden, but for the men by means of ladders. In the houses, livestock were being fed on fodder, and there was a great abundance of all things necessary for life for the men.

Notes

  1. 14.28.2βουλομένων — A genitive absolute construction (βουλομένων and δυναμένων) where the grammatical plural refers to the individual soldiers implied by the collective noun τὸ στρατόπεδον (agreement according to sense, or ad sensum).
  2. 14.28.4τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς — An accusative of specification (or respect) with the passive verb ἐτυφλώθησαν. Literally, 'they were blinded in respect to their eyes,' meaning 'they lost their sight.'
  3. 14.28.5ἂν ... διεφθάρησαν — A past counterfactual conditional construction, formed by ἂν with the aorist indicative (διεφθάρησαν) in the apodosis, and εἰ with the aorist indicative (εὗρον) in the protasis. It expresses a past event that was narrowly avoided.
  4. 14.28.5ταῖς οἰκίαις — There appears to be a lacuna in the text before ταῖς οἰκίαις. Most editors supply something like ἦσαν δ’ ἐν ('and there were in...') to make grammatical sense of the subsequent clauses beginning with τά τε βοσκήματα and τοῖς δʼ ἀνδράσι.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.28.1-14.28.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.28.1-14.28.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.