Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.72.1-13.72.9

Thrasybulus' Campaign and Agis' Assault on Athens

Passage 251 of 723 · Greek

Summary

While the Athenian general Thrasybulus brings Thasos and Abdera over to his side, the Lacedaemonian king Agis launches a surprise attack on Athens, but is repulsed due to the stubborn resistance of the citizens and the victory of the Athenian cavalry.

§13.72.1τούτων δὲ πραττομένων Θρασύβουλος ὁ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγὸς μετὰ νεῶν πεντεκαίδεκα πλεύσας ἐπὶ Θάσον ἐνίκησε μάχῃ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ περὶ διακοσίους αὐτῶν ἀνεῖλεν· ἐγκλείσας δʼ αὐτοὺς εἰς πολιορκίαν ἠνάγκασε τοὺς φυγάδας τοὺς τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων φρονοῦντας καταδέχεσθαι, καὶ φρουρὰν λαβόντας συμμάχους Ἀθηναίων εἶναι.
While these things were being done, Thrasybulus, the Athenian general, sailed with fifteen ships to Thasos, defeated those from the city in battle, and killed about two hundred of them; and having shut them up in a siege, he forced them to receive back the exiles who favored the cause of the Athenians, and, having received a garrison, to be allies of the Athenians.
§13.72.2μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πλεύσας εἰς Ἄβδηρα προσηγάγετο πόλιν ἐν ταῖς δυνατωτάταις οὖσαν τότε τῶν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης.
After this, having sailed to Abdera, he brought over this city, which was then among the most powerful of those in Thrace.
οἱ μὲν οὖν στρατηγοὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ταῦτα ἔπραξαν μετὰ τὸν οἴκοθεν ἔκπλουν.
Thus the generals of the Athenians accomplished these things after their departure from home.
§13.72.3Ἆγις δʼ ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεὺς ἔτυχε μὲν ἐν τῇ Δεκελείᾳ διατρίβων μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως, πυνθανόμενος δὲ τοὺς κρατίστους τῶν Ἀθηναίων μετʼ Ἀλκιβιάδου στρατευομένους, νυκτὸς ἀσελήνου τὸ στρατόπεδον ἤγαγεν ἐπὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας.
Meanwhile Agis, the king of the Lacedaemonians, happened to be spending time in Decelea with his army; and learning that the best of the Athenians were campaigning with Alcibiades, on a moonless night he led his army against Athens.
§13.72.4εἶχε δὲ πεζοὺς δισμυρίους ὀκτακισχιλίους, ὧν ἦσαν οἱ μὲν ἡμίσεις ὁπλῖται κατʼ ἐκλογήν, οἱ δʼ ἡμίσεις ψιλοί· κατηκολούθουν δʼ αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν ἱππέων εἰς χιλίους διακοσίους, ὧν ἐννακοσίους μὲν Βοιωτοὶ παρείχοντο, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς Πελοποννήσιοι συνεξέπεμψαν.
He had twenty-eight thousand infantry, of whom half were hoplites by selection, and half light-armed troops; and there followed him also about one thousand two hundred of the cavalry, of whom the Boeotians supplied nine hundred, and the Peloponnesians sent the rest along with him.
ὡς δʼ ἐγγὺς ἐγενήθη τῆς πόλεως, ἔλαθε ταῖς προφυλακαῖς ἐγγίσας, καὶ ῥᾳδίως αὐτοὺς τρεψάμενος διὰ τὸ παράδοξον, ὀλίγους μὲν ἀνεῖλε, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους συνεδίωξεν ἐντὸς τῶν τειχῶν.
And when he came near the city, he approached the outposts without being noticed, and easily routing them because of the unexpectedness of the attack, he killed a few and pursued the rest inside the walls.
§13.72.5οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι μαθόντες τὸ γεγενημένον, ἅπασι παρήγγειλαν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις καὶ τοῖς μεγίστοις παισὶν ἀπαντᾶν μετὰ τῶν ὅπλων· ὧν ταχὺ τὸ προσταχθὲν ποιησάντων, ὁ μὲν κύκλος τοῦ τείχους πλήρης ἐγένετο τῶν ἐπὶ τὸν κοινὸν κίνδυνον συνδεδραμηκότων,
The Athenians, learning of what had happened, ordered all the older men and the oldest of the boys to muster with their arms; and when these had quickly done what was commanded, the circuit of the wall became full of those who had run together to meet the common danger.
§13.72.6οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἅμʼ ἡμέρᾳ θεωροῦντες ἐκτεταγμένην τὴν τῶν πολεμίων δύναμιν εἰς φάλαγγα τὸ μὲν βάθος εἰς τέτταρας ἄνδρας, τὸ δὲ μῆκος ἐπὶ σταδίους ὀκτώ, τότε πρῶτον κατεπλάγησαν, θεωροῦντες τὰ δύο μέρη σχεδὸν τοῦ τείχους ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων περιειλημμένα.
And the Athenian generals, at daybreak, seeing the force of the enemy drawn up in a phalanx four men deep and eight stades long, were then for the first time struck with terror, seeing almost two-thirds of the wall surrounded by the enemy.
§13.72.7μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐξαπέστειλαν, ὄντας παραπλησίους τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῖς ἐναντίοις· ὧν πρὸ τῆς πόλεως συστησαμένων ἱππομαχίαν ἐπί τινα χρόνον ἐγένετο καρτερὰ μάχη.
After this they sent out the cavalry, who were close in number to the opponents; and when these had engaged in a cavalry battle before the city, for some time a fierce battle took place.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ φάλαγξ περὶ πέντε σταδίους ἀπεῖχε τοῦ τείχους, οἱ δʼ ἱππεῖς συμπλακέντες ἀλλήλοις πρὸς αὐτοῖς τοῖς τείχεσι διηγωνίζοντο.
For the phalanx was about five stades distant from the wall, while the cavalry, having locked together with one another, fought it out right at the walls themselves.
§13.72.8οἱ μὲν οὖν Βοιωτοὶ καθʼ αὑτοὺς προνενικηκότες ἐπὶ Δηλίῳ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, δεινὸν ἡγοῦντο τῶν ἡττημένων φανῆναι καταδεέστεροι· οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι θεατὰς ἔχοντες τῆς ἀρετῆς τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν τειχῶν ἐφεστῶτας καὶ κατὰ ἄνδρα γνωριζόμενοι, πᾶν ὑπέμενον ὑπὲρ τῆς νίκης.
Now the Boeotians, having on their own account previously defeated the Athenians at Delium, thought it a terrible thing to appear inferior to those who had been defeated; while the Athenians, having as spectators of their valor those standing upon the walls and being recognized individually, endured everything for the sake of victory.
§13.72.9τέλος δὲ βιασάμενοι τοὺς ἀντιτεταγμένους, συχνοὺς μὲν αὐτῶν ἀνεῖλον, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους κατεδίωξαν μέχρι τῆς τῶν πεζῶν φάλαγγος.
And finally, having forced back those drawn up against them, they killed many of them, and pursued the rest as far as the phalanx of the infantry.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οὗτοι μὲν ἐπιπορευομένων τῶν πεζῶν ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν,
After this, as the infantry was advancing, these withdrew into the city,

Notes

  1. §13.72.1ἠνάγκασε τοὺς φυγάδας τοὺς τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων φρονοῦντας καταδέχεσθαι — The direct object of the main verb ἠνάγκασε ("forced"), referring to the Thasians (αὐτούς), is omitted. The accusative noun phrase τοὺς φυγάδας ... serves as the object of the infinitive καταδέχεσθαι ("to receive back"). The subsequent accusative participle λαβόντας agrees with the omitted object and serves as the subject of the infinitive εἶναι ("to be").
  2. §13.72.3ἔτυχε μὲν ἐν τῇ Δεκελείᾳ διατρίβων — A construction combining the verb τυγχάνω with the present participle διατρίβων, meaning "happened to be spending time" or "was staying at that time". It describes King Agis's ongoing presence in Decelea.
  3. §13.72.4ἔλαθε ταῖς προφυλακαῖς ἐγγίσας — A construction combining the verb λανθάνω with the aorist participle ἐγγίσας, meaning "he approached without being noticed". The dative noun phrase ταῖς προφυλακαῖς ("the outposts") depends on the participle ἐγγίσας.
  4. §13.72.6τὰ δύο μέρη — An idiomatic Greek expression for fractions where the denominator is one greater than the numerator (in this case, two-thirds). The phrase literally meaning "the two parts" signifies "two-thirds" of the wall.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.72.1-13.72.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.72.1-13.72.9

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.