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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.57.1-13.57.6

Carthaginian Sacking of Selinus and Massacre of Its Inhabitants

Passage 236 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Following the fall of Selinus, the Carthaginian barbarians commit a merciless massacre of the inhabitants, mutilate the dead, plunder the temples, and utterly destroy the city, leaving a vast number of casualties and captives.

§13.57.1διὸ καὶ τῆς πόλεως καταλαμβανομένης παρὰ μὲν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἦν ὀδυρμοὺς καὶ δάκρυα θεωρεῖν, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς βαρβάροις ἀλαλαγμὸς ἦν καὶ βοὴ σύμμικτος· οἱ μὲν γὰρ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς περιεστώσης συμφορᾶς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἔχοντες περιδεεῖς ἦσαν, οἱ δὲ τοῖς εὐημερήμασιν ἐπηρμένοι σφάττειν παρεκελεύοντο.
Therefore, as the city was being captured, among the Greeks there were lamentations and tears to be seen, while among the barbarians there was a war-cry and a mingled shouting; for the former, having before their eyes the magnitude of the surrounding calamity, were struck with terror, while the latter, elated by their successes, kept urging one another to slaughter.
§13.57.2εἰς δὲ τὴν ἀγορὰν συνδραμόντων τῶν Σελινουντίων, οὗτοι μὲν ἐνταῦθα μαχόμενοι πάντες ἀνῃρέθησαν· οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι σκεδασθέντες καθʼ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν τὴν μὲν ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις εὐδαιμονίαν συνήρπασαν, τῶν δὲ ἐγκαταληφθέντων σωμάτων ἃ μὲν ταῖς οἰκίαις συγκατέκαιον, τῶν δʼ εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς βιαζομένων οὐ διακρίνοντες οὔτε φύσιν οὔθʼ ἡλικίαν, ἀλλʼ ὁμοίως παῖδας νηπίους, γυναῖκας, πρεσβύτας ἐφόνευον, οὐδεμίαν συμπάθειαν λαμβάνοντες.
When the Selinuntines had run together into the marketplace, these were all slain while fighting there; but the barbarians, scattering through the whole city, plundered the wealth in the houses, and of the persons left behind, some they burned together with their houses, while of those who forced their way into the streets, making no distinction of sex or age, but alike infants, women, and old men, they massacred them, showing no compassion.
§13.57.3ἠκρωτηρίαζον δὲ καὶ τοὺς νεκροὺς κατὰ τὸ πάτριον ἔθος, καὶ τινὲς μὲν χεῖρας ἀθρόας περιέφερον τοῖς σώμασι, τινὲς δὲ κεφαλὰς ἐπὶ τῶν γαίσων καὶ τῶν σαυνίων ἀναπείροντες ἔφερον.
And they even mutilated the dead according to their ancestral custom, and some carried around severed hands in bundles on their bodies, while others carried heads impaled on their spears and javelins.
ὅσας δὲ τῶν γυναικῶν μετὰ τέκνων εἰς τοὺς ναοὺς συμπεφευγυίας κατελάμβανον, παρεκελεύοντο μὴ φονεύειν, καὶ ταύταις μόναις πίστιν ἔδοσαν.
As for all the women who had fled with their children to the temples, whenever they captured them, they urged one another not to slay them, and to these alone did they give pledges of safety.
§13.57.4τοῦτο δʼ ἔπραξαν οὐ τοὺς ἀκληροῦντας ἐλεοῦντες, ἀλλʼ εὐλαβούμενοι, μήποτε τὴν σωτηρίαν αἱ γυναῖκες ἀπογνοῦσαι κατακαύσωσι τοὺς ναούς, καὶ μὴ δυνηθῶσι συλῆσαι τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς καθιερωμένην πολυτέλειαν.
And they did this not because they pitied the unfortunate, but because they were cautious lest the women, despairing of safety, should burn down the temples, and they should thus be unable to plunder the costly offerings dedicated in them.
§13.57.5τοσοῦτο γὰρ ὠμότητι διέφερον οἱ βάρβαροι τῶν ἄλλων, ὥστε τῶν λοιπῶν ἕνεκα τοῦ μηδὲν ἀσεβεῖν εἰς τὸ δαιμόνιον διασωζόντων τοὺς εἰς τὰ ἱερὰ καταπεφευγότας Καρχηδόνιοι τοὐναντίον ἀπέσχοντο τῶν πολεμίων, ὅπως τοὺς τῶν θεῶν ναοὺς συλήσειαν.
For the barbarians excelled all others in cruelty to such a degree that, whereas the rest of mankind, for the sake of committing no impiety against the divine, preserve those who have fled to the sanctuaries, the Carthaginians on the contrary refrained from killing their enemies in order that they might plunder the temples of the gods.
§13.57.6ἤδη δὲ νυκτὸς οὔσης ἡ μὲν πόλις διήρπαστο, τῶν δʼ οἰκιῶν αἱ μὲν κατεκαύθησαν, αἱ δὲ κατεσκάφησαν, πᾶς δʼ ἦν τόπος αἵματος καὶ νεκρῶν πλήρης.
And when it was already night, the city had been thoroughly plundered, and of the houses, some had been burned down, others demolished, and every place was full of blood and dead bodies.
ἑξακισχίλια μὲν πρὸς τοῖς μυρίοις εὑρέθη σώματα πεπτωκότα, καὶ χωρὶς αἰχμάλωτα συνήχθη πλείω τῶν πεντακισχιλίων·
Sixteen thousand bodies were found fallen, and besides these, more than five thousand captives were gathered together;

Notes

  1. 13.57.1ἦν ... θεωρεῖν — The verb ἦν with the infinitive θεωρεῖν expresses possibility ('it was possible to see', equivalent to the past of ἔξεστι). It does not simply mean 'there were lamentations,' but rather 'lamentations could be seen.'
  2. 13.57.2τῶν δὲ ἐγκαταληφθέντων σωμάτων ἃ μὲν ... τῶν δʼ — For the partitive genitive τῶν ἐγκαταληφθέντων σωμάτων, the first member ἃ μὲν (neuter plural referring to σώματα) functions as the accusative object of συγκατέκαιον, whereas the second member τῶν δʼ remains in the genitive, modifying the participle βιαζομένων as part of the partitive construction or as the object of ἐφόνευον. This asymmetrical structure is a characteristic of pronominal correlation.
  3. 13.57.4μήποτε ... κατακαύσωσι ... καὶ μὴ δυνηθῶσι — A fear clause introduced by the participle of caution εὐλαβούμενοι ('being cautious, fearing'). The conjunction μήποτε ('lest, lest ever') is followed by the subjunctives κατακαύσωσι and δυνηθῶσι, expressing the content of their apprehension: that the women might burn the temples and they themselves might consequently be unable to plunder them.
  4. 13.57.5ὥστε τῶν λοιπῶν ... διασωζόντων ... Καρχηδόνιοι τοὐναντίον ἀπέσχοντο — Inside the clause introduced by the consecutive conjunction ὥστε ('so that'), a genitive absolute clause τῶν λοιπῶν ... διασωζόντων ('while the rest preserve...') is inserted, which itself contains an embedded prepositional phrase of purpose ἕνεκα τοῦ μηδὲν ἀσεβεῖν ('for the sake of committing no impiety'). The main clause of the result construction, Καρχηδόνιοι ... ἀπέσχοντο, appears only after this complex insertion, requiring careful tracking of the subject-predicate relationship.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.57.1-13.57.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.57.1-13.57.6

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