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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.55.1-13.55.8

Selinuntines Resist and Repel Campanian Attack

Passage 234 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Faced with Carthaginian siege engines and overwhelming numbers, the citizens of Selinus unite in desperate resistance. When the wall collapses and the Campanian mercenaries of Carthage rush into the city, they are driven back by the fierce counterattack of the inhabitants.

§13.55.1οἱ δὲ Σελινούντιοι ἐκ πολλῶν ὄντες ἄπειροι πολιορκίας, καὶ Καρχηδονίοις ἐν τῷ πρὸς Γέλωνα πολέμῳ συνηγωνισμένοι μόνοι τῶν Σικελιωτῶν, οὔποτʼ ἤλπιζον ὑπὸ τῶν εὐεργετηθέντων εἰς τοιούτους φόβους συγκλεισθήσεσθαι.
Now the Selinuntines, having for a long time been without experience of sieges, and having been the only ones of the Siceliots to fight on the side of the Carthaginians in the war against Gelon, never expected that they would be hemmed in by those whom they had benefited in such terrors.
§13.55.2θεωροῦντες δὲ τὰ μεγέθη τῶν μηχανημάτων καὶ τὰ πλήθη τῶν πολεμίων, περιδεεῖς ἦσαν καὶ κατεπλήττοντο τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ περιεστῶτος κινδύνου.
But beholding the magnitude of the engines and the multitudes of the enemy, they were filled with dread and were struck with terror at the greatness of the surrounding danger.
§13.55.3οὐ μὴν κατὰ πᾶν γε τὴν σωτηρίαν ἀπεγίνωσκον, ἀλλὰ προσδοκῶντες συντόμως ἥξειν τοὺς Συρακοσίους καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους συμμάχους, πανδημεὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀπὸ τῶν τειχῶν ἠμύνοντο.
Nevertheless, they did not altogether despair of safety, but expecting that the Syracusans and the other allies would quickly arrive, they defended themselves against the enemy from the walls with all their forces.
§13.55.4οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀκμάζοντες ταῖς ἡλικίαις ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις ὄντες διεκινδύνευον, οἱ δὲ πρεσβύτεροι περί τε τὰς παρασκευὰς ἦσαν καὶ περιπορευόμενοι τὸ τεῖχος ἐδέοντο τῶν νέων μὴ περιιδεῖν αὐτοὺς ὑποχειρίους τοῖς πολεμίοις γινομένους· γυναῖκες δὲ καὶ παῖδες τάς τε τροφὰς καὶ βέλη τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ἀγωνιζομένοις παρεκόμιζον, τὴν αἰδῶ καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αἰσχύνην παρʼ οὐδὲν ἡγούμεναι.
For those who were in the flower of their youth, being in arms, hazarded their lives, while the older men were occupied with the preparations, and going around the wall, begged the young men not to allow them to fall into the hands of the enemy; and the women and children carried provisions and missiles to those who were fighting for their fatherland, regarding their modesty and the shame of peacetime as nothing.
§13.55.5τοσαύτη κατάπληξις καθειστήκει, ὥστε τὸ μέγεθος τῆς περιστάσεως δεῖσθαι καὶ τῆς παρὰ τῶν γυναικῶν βοηθείας.
Such terror had established itself that the magnitude of the crisis required even the assistance of the women.
ὁ δʼ Ἀννίβας ἐπαγγειλάμενος τοῖς στρατιώταις εἰς διαρπαγὴν δώσειν τὴν πόλιν, τάς τε μηχανὰς προσήρεισε καὶ τοῖς κρατίστοις στρατιώταις ἐκ διαδοχῆς προσέβαλλε τοῖς τείχεσιν.
But Hannibal, having promised his soldiers that he would give the city over to them to plunder, applied his engines and attacked the walls with his best soldiers in succession.
§13.55.6ὁμοῦ δὲ αἵ τε σάλπιγγες τὸ πολεμικὸν ἐσήμαινον καὶ πρὸς ἓν παράγγελμα πᾶν ἐπηλάλαξε τὸ τῶν Καρχηδονίων στράτευμα, καὶ τῇ βίᾳ μὲν τῶν κριῶν ἐσαλεύετο τὰ τείχη, τῷ δʼ ὕψει τῶν πύργων οἱ μαχόμενοι πολλοὺς τῶν Σελινουντίων ἀνῄρουν·
At the same time, the trumpets sounded the charge, and at a single command the whole army of the Carthaginians raised the battle cry; and by the force of the rams the walls were shaken, and because of the height of the towers those who fought from them slew many of the Selinuntines.
§13.55.7ἐν πολυχρονίῳ γὰρ εἰρήνῃ γεγονότες καὶ τῶν τειχῶν οὐδʼ ἡντινοῦν ἐπιμέλειαν πεποιημένοι ῥᾳδίως κατεπονοῦντο, τῶν ξυλίνων πύργων πολὺ τοῖς ὕψεσιν ὑπερεχόντων.
For having lived in a long peace and having paid not the slightest attention to the walls, they were easily overpowered, since the wooden towers far surpassed them in height.
πεσόντος δὲ τοῦ τείχους οἱ μὲν Καμπανοὶ σπεύδοντες ἐπιφανές τι πρᾶξαι, ταχέως εἰσέπεσον εἰς τὴν πόλιν.
When the wall fell, the Campanians, eager to perform some illustrious deed, quickly rushed into the city.
§13.55.8τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον κατεπλήξαντο τοὺς ὑποστάντας, ὀλίγους ὄντας· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλῶν συνδραμόντων ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν ἐξεώσθησαν καὶ συχνοὺς ἑαυτῶν ἀπέβαλον· οὔπω γὰρ τελέως ἀνακεκαθαρμένου τοῦ τείχους βιασάμενοι καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἔφοδον εἰς δυσχωρίας ἐμπίπτοντες ῥᾳδίως ἠλαττοῦντο.
At first, indeed, they terrified those who stood against them, who were few; but after this, when many ran together to render aid, they were driven out and lost many of their own men; for having forced their way in before the wall was completely cleared, and falling into difficult ground during the onset, they were easily worsted.
νυκτὸς δʼ ἐπιγενομένης οἱ μὲν Καρχηδόνιοι τὴν πολιορκίαν ἔλυσαν.
And when night came on, the Carthaginians broke off the siege.

Notes

  1. 13.55.1ἐκ πολλῶν — The word χρόνων expressing time is omitted, meaning "for a long time" or "of old." Although it is grammatically possible to interpret it as "from many (reasons)," taking it in a temporal sense to modify ἄπειροι (inexperienced) is more natural and aligns with the historical context of long peacetime.
  2. 13.55.1ὑπὸ τῶν εὐεργετηθέντων — The genitive masculine plural perfect passive participle of εὐεργετέω (to benefit), accompanied by the preposition ὑπό indicating the agent. It means "by those who had been benefited" (i.e., the Carthaginians), referring to the historical fact that Selinus had supported Carthage in the war against Gelon.
  3. 13.55.4τὴν αἰδῶ καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αἰσχύνην — Direct object of παρʼ οὐδὲν ἡγούμεναι (regarding as nothing). It means "modesty and the shame in peacetime," describing how, under the extreme circumstances of war, the women and children acted desperately without regard for the social conventions or decorum that would make them hesitate to appear in public in times of peace.
  4. 13.55.7τῶν ξυλίνων πύργων πολὺ τοῖς ὕψεσιν ὑπερεχόντων — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the noun πύργων and the present participle ὑπερεχόντων, expressing the cause or reason for the main clause's verb κατεπονοῦντο (were overpowered). It is translated as "since the wooden towers far surpassed them in height."
  5. 13.55.8οὔπω γὰρ τελέως ἀνακεκαθαρμένου τοῦ τείχους — A genitive absolute construction formed by the perfect passive participle ἀνακεκαθαρμένου and the noun τείχους, explaining the reason why the Campanians fell into a disadvantageous position. It means "before the wall (and its debris) had been completely cleared."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.55.1-13.55.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.55.1-13.55.8

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