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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.48.1-13.48.8

Civil Strife in Corcyra and Reconciliation

Passage 227 of 723 · Greek

Summary

In Corcyra, a violent civil strife erupts between the pro-Lacedaemonian oligarchs and the pro-Athenian democrats, resulting in heavy casualties. Following the intervention of the Athenian general Conon and subsequent intense fighting, the two factions eventually reach a peace agreement and agree to inhabit their homeland in common.

§13.48.1συνέβη δὲ περὶ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον ἐν τῇ Κορκύρᾳ γενέσθαι μεγάλην στάσιν καὶ σφαγήν, ἣν διʼ ἑτέρας μὲν αἰτίας λέγεται γενέσθαι, μάλιστα δὲ διὰ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν αὐτοῖς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔχθραν.
Around this time it happened that a great sedition and slaughter occurred in Corcyra, which is said to have arisen from other causes indeed, but most of all because of the existing hatred they had toward one another.
§13.48.2ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ γάρ ποτε πόλει τοιοῦτοι πολιτῶν φόνοι συνετελέσθησαν οὐδὲ μείζων ἔρις καὶ φιλονεικία πρὸς ὄλεθρον ἀνήκουσα.
For in no city on any occasion were such slaughters of citizens accomplished, nor was there ever greater strife and contention reaching to such destruction.
δοκοῦσι γὰρ οἱ μὲν ἀναιρεθέντες ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων πρὸ ταύτης τῆς στάσεως γεγονέναι περὶ χιλίους καὶ πεντακοσίους, καὶ πάντες οὗτοι πρωτεύοντες τῶν πολιτῶν.
For those who were destroyed by one another before this sedition are thought to have been about fifteen hundred, and all of these the leading men of the citizens.
§13.48.3τούτων δʼ ἐπιγεγενημένων τῶν ἀτυχημάτων ἑτέραν αὐτοῖς συμφορὰν ἐπέστησεν ἡ τύχη, τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους πάλιν αὐξήσασα διαφοράν.
After these misfortunes had occurred, fortune brought upon them another calamity, by increasing again their difference with one another.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ προέχοντες τοῖς ἀξιώμασι τῶν Κορκυραίων ὀρεγόμενοι τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας ἐφρόνουν τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων, ὁ δὲ δημοτικὸς ὄχλος ἔσπευδε τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις συμμαχεῖν.
For those of the Corcyraeans who excelled in dignity, desiring oligarchy, favored the cause of the Lacedaemonians, while the democratic multitude was eager to ally with the Athenians.
§13.48.4καὶ γὰρ διαφερούσας τὰς σπουδὰς εἶχον οἱ περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας διαγωνιζόμενοι δῆμοι· Λακεδαιμόνιοι γὰρ τοὺς πρωτεύοντας ἐν ταῖς συμμαχίσι πόλεσιν ἐποίουν ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως τῶν κοινῶν, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ δημοκρατίας ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι καθίστανον.
For the states that disputed for the hegemony had different interests; for the Lacedaemonians placed the leading men in the allied cities in charge of the administration of public affairs, whereas the Athenians established democracies in the cities.
§13.48.5οἱ δʼ οὖν Κορκυραῖοι θεωροῦντες τοὺς δυνατωτάτους τῶν πολιτῶν ὄντας πρὸς τῷ τὴν πόλιν ἐγχειρίζειν Λακεδαιμονίοις, μετεπέμψαντο παρʼ Ἀθηναίων δύναμιν τὴν παραφυλάξουσαν τὴν πόλιν.
The Corcyraeans, therefore, seeing that the most powerful of the citizens were intent upon handing the city over to the Lacedaemonians, summoned from the Athenians a force to guard the city.
§13.48.6Κόνων δʼ ὁ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ἀθηναίων πλεύσας εἰς Κόρκυραν, ἑξακοσίους μὲν τῶν ἐκ Ναυπάκτου Μεσσηνίων κατέλιπεν ἐν τῇ πόλει, αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ τῶν νεῶν παρέπλευσε, καὶ καθωρμίσθη πρὸς τῷ τῆς Ἥρας τεμένει.
Conon, the general of the Athenians, having sailed to Corcyra, left in the city six hundred of the Messenians from Naupactus, while he himself sailed along the coast with the ships and came to anchor near the sacred precinct of Hera.
§13.48.7οἱ δὲ ἑξακόσιοι μετὰ τῶν δημοτικῶν ὁρμήσαντες ἐπὶ τοὺς τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων φρονοῦντας ἐξαίφνης ἀγορᾶς πληθούσης οὓς μὲν συνελάμβανον, οὓς δʼ ἐφόνευον, πλείους δὲ τῶν χιλίων ἐφυγάδευσαν· ἐποιήσαντο δὲ τοὺς μὲν δούλους ἐλευθέρους, τοὺς δὲ ξένους πολίτας, εὐλαβούμενοι τό τε πλῆθος καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῶν φυγάδων.
And the six hundred, having rushed together with the democratic faction against those who favored the Lacedaemonians suddenly when the marketplace was full, arrested some and slew others, and exiled more than a thousand; and they made the slaves free men and the foreigners citizens, being wary of both the multitude and the power of the exiles.
§13.48.8οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐκπεσόντες ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος εἰς τὴν καταντίον ἤπειρον ἔφυγον· μετὰ δέ τινας ἡμέρας τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει τινες φρονοῦντες τὰ τῶν φυγάδων κατελάβοντο τὴν ἀγοράν, καὶ μεταπεμψάμενοι τοὺς φυγάδας περὶ τῶν ὅλων διηγωνίζοντο.
Those, therefore, who had been expelled from their fatherland fled to the opposite mainland; but after some days, certain of those in the city who favored the cause of the exiles seized the marketplace, and having summoned the exiles back, they fought for the supreme power.
τέλος δὲ νυκτὸς καταλαβούσης εἰς ὁμολογίας ἦλθον πρὸς ἀλλήλους, καὶ τῆς φιλονεικίας παυσάμενοι κοινῶς ᾤκουν τὴν πατρίδα.
Finally, when night came on, they came to terms with one another, and having ceased from their contention, they inhabited their fatherland in common.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐν Κορκύρᾳ σφαγὴ τοιοῦτον ἔσχε τὸ τέλος.
Thus, then, the slaughter in Corcyra reached such an end.

Notes

  1. 13.48.1ἣν διʼ ἑτέρας μὲν αἰτίας λέγεται γενέσθαι — The relative pronoun ἣν (accusative) serves as the subject accusative of the infinitive γενέσθαι in the indirect discourse (AcI) construction. The main verb λέγεται ('it is said') is used impersonally, meaning 'which is said to have arisen from...'.
  2. 13.48.2δοκοῦσι γὰρ οἱ μὲν ἀναιρεθέντες ... γεγονέναι — This is a personal construction of the verb δοκέω, where the verb agree with the subject οἱ μὲν ἀναιρεθέντες in the third person plural (δοκοῦσι) rather than being used impersonally (δοκεῖ). Literally 'those who were destroyed are thought to have become...', meaning 'it is thought that those who were destroyed amounted to...'.
  3. 13.48.3τούτων δʼ ἐπιγεγενημένων τῶν ἀτυχημάτων — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the noun τῶν ἀτυχημάτων and the perfect participle ἐπιγεγενημένων. The perfect tense denotes a completed action with continuing effects, representing the prior background context to the main clause: 'these misfortunes having occurred'.
  4. 13.48.5ὄντας πρὸς τῷ τὴν πόλιν ἐγχειρίζειν — The prepositional phrase πρὸς τῷ with the articular infinitive (τῷ ... ἐγχειρίζειν), combined with the participle ὄντας, forms an idiomatic expression meaning 'to be intent upon' or 'devoted to' doing something. Here, it means they were intent upon surrendering the city.
  5. 13.48.7ἀγορᾶς πληθούσης — A genitive absolute phrase meaning literally 'when the marketplace is filling up'. This is an idiomatic Greek expression used to designate a specific time of day, specifically mid-morning (from around 9 a.m. to noon), when the public square was busiest.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.48.1-13.48.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.48.1-13.48.8

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