Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.43.1-13.43.7
Appeal of Aegesta and Carthaginian Intervention
Summary
Following the defeat of Athens, the Aegestaeans in Sicily sought help from Carthage due to aggression from the Selinuntians, leading Carthage to appoint Hannibal as general. Hannibal engaged in diplomatic maneuvers to ensure that Syracuse remained neutral by offering them a choice of arbitration which he knew the Selinuntians would reject.
§13.43.1τῶν δὲ κατὰ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν τοῦτον πράξεων τέλος ἐχουσῶν Ἀθήνησι μὲν ἦρχε Γλαύκιππος, ἐν δὲ τῇ Ῥώμῃ κατεστάθησαν ὕπατοι Μάρκος Κορνήλιος καὶ Λεύκιος Φούριος.
When the events of this year came to an end, Glaucippus was archon in Athens, and in Rome Marcus Cornelius and Lucius Furius were established as consuls.
περὶ δὲ τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Αἰγεσταῖοι κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν σύμμαχοι γεγενημένοι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις κατὰ Συρακοσίων, καταλυθέντος τοῦ πολέμου περιδεεῖς καθειστήκεισαν· ἤλπιζον γάρ, ὅπερ ἦν εἰκός, τιμωρίαν δώσειν τοῖς Σικελιώταις, ὑπὲρ ὧν εἰς αὐτοὺς ἐξήμαρτον.
About this time, the Aegestaeans in Sicily, who had been allies of the Athenians against the Syracusans, were in great fear now that the war had ended; for they expected, as was natural, that they would pay the penalty to the Siceliots for the offenses they had committed against them.
§13.43.2τῶν δὲ Σελινουντίων περὶ τῆς ἀμφισβητησίμου χώρας πολεμούντων αὐτούς, ἑκουσίως ἐξεχώρουν, εὐλαβούμενοι, μὴ διὰ ταύτην τὴν πρόφασιν οἱ Συρακόσιοι συνεπιλάβωνται τοῦ πολέμου τοῖς Σελινουντίοις, καὶ κινδυνεύσωσιν ἄρδην ἀπολέσαι τὴν πατρίδα.
When the Selinuntians waged war against them over the disputed territory, they voluntarily withdrew from it, being cautious lest the Syracusans, using this pretext, should join the Selinuntians in the war, and they themselves should run the risk of losing their fatherland utterly.
§13.43.3ἐπεὶ δʼ οἱ Σελινούντιοι χωρὶς τῆς ἀμφισβητησίμου πολλὴν τῆς παρακειμένης ἀπετέμοντο, τηνικαῦθʼ οἱ τὴν Αἴγεσταν οἰκοῦντες πρέσβεις ἀπέστειλαν εἰς Καρχηδόνα, δεόμενοι βοηθῆσαι καὶ τὴν πόλιν αὐτοῖς ἐγχειρίζοντες.
But when the Selinuntians, apart from the disputed territory, cut off much of the adjacent land, then at last the inhabitants of Aegesta sent ambassadors to Carthage, begging for help and putting their city into their hands.
§13.43.4καταπλευσάντων δὲ τῶν πεμφθέντων, καὶ τῇ γερουσίᾳ τὰς παρὰ τοῦ δήμου δεδομένας ἐντολὰς εἰπόντων, οὐ μετρίως διηπόρησαν οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι· ἅμα μὲν γὰρ ἐπεθύμουν παραλαβεῖν πόλιν εὔκαιρον, ἅμα δʼ ἐφοβοῦντο τοὺς Συρακοσίους, ἑωρακότες προσφάτως καταπεπολεμημένας τὰς τῶν Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεις.
When those who had been sent arrived by sea and declared to the senate the instructions given to them by their people, the Carthaginians were in no small perplexity; for on the one hand, they desired to take over a city so well situated, but on the other hand, they feared the Syracusans, having recently seen the forces of the Athenians completely defeated.
§13.43.5οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ παρʼ αὐτοῖς πρωτεύοντος Ἀννίβου συμβουλεύοντος παραλαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν, τοῖς μὲν πρεσβευταῖς ἀπεκρίθησαν βοηθήσειν, εἰς δὲ τὴν τούτων διοίκησιν, ἂν ᾖ χρεία πολεμεῖν, στρατηγὸν κατέστησαν τὸν Ἀννίβαν, κατὰ νόμους τότε βασιλεύοντα.
Nevertheless, since Hannibal, the leading man among them, advised taking over the city, they replied to the ambassadors that they would help, and for the administration of these matters, if there should be need of war, they appointed Hannibal as general, who was at that time king according to the laws.
οὗτος δὲ ἦν υἱωνὸς μὲν τοῦ πρὸς Γέλωνα πολεμήσαντος Ἀμίλκου καὶ πρὸς Ἱμέρᾳ τελευτήσαντος, υἱὸς δὲ Γέσκωνος, ὃς διὰ τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς ἧτταν ἐφυγαδεύθη καὶ κατεβίωσεν ἐν τῇ Σελινοῦντι.
This man was the grandson of the Hamilcar who had waged war against Gelon and died at Himera, and the son of Gisco, who because of his father's defeat had been exiled and had ended his life in Selinus.
§13.43.6ὁ δʼ οὖν Ἀννίβας, ὢν μὲν καὶ φύσει μισέλλην, ὁμοῦ δὲ τὰς τῶν προγόνων ἀτιμίας διορθώσασθαι βουλόμενος, ἔσπευδε διʼ ἑαυτοῦ τι κατασκευάσαι χρήσιμον τῇ πατρίδι.
Hannibal, then, being by nature a hater of the Greeks and at the same time wishing to rectify the dishonor of his ancestors, was eager to accomplish by himself something useful for his fatherland.
θεωρῶν οὖν τοὺς Σελινουντίους οὐκ ἀρκουμένους τῇ παραχωρήσει τῆς ἀμφισβητησίμου χώρας, πρέσβεις ἀπέστειλε μετὰ τῶν Αἰγεσταίων πρὸς Συρακοσίους, ἐπιτρέπων αὐτοῖς τὴν κρίσιν τούτων, τῷ μὲν λόγῳ προσποιούμενος δικαιοπραγεῖν, τῇ δʼ ἀληθείᾳ νομίζων ἐκ τοῦ μὴ βούλεσθαι τοὺς Σελινουντίους διακριθῆναι μὴ συμμαχήσειν αὐτοῖς τοὺς Συρακοσίους.
Seeing, therefore, that the Selinuntians were not satisfied with the concession of the disputed land, he sent ambassadors together with the Aegestaeans to the Syracusans, submitting the judgment of these matters to them, pretending in speech to act justly, but in truth thinking that as a result of the Selinuntians' refusal to submit to arbitration, the Syracusans would not ally with them.
§13.43.7ἀποστειλάντων δὲ καὶ Σελινουντίων πρέσβεις, διακριθῆναι μὲν μὴ βουλομένων, πολλὰ δὲ πρὸς τοὺς παρὰ Καρχηδονίων καὶ τῶν Αἰγεσταίων πρέσβεις ἀντειπόντων, τέλος ἔδοξε τοῖς Συρακοσίοις ψηφίσασθαι τηρεῖν πρὸς μὲν Σελινουντίους τὴν συμμαχίαν, πρὸς δὲ Καρχηδονίους τὴν εἰρήνην.
When the Selinuntians also sent ambassadors, who did not wish to submit to arbitration but spoke at length against the ambassadors from the Carthaginians and the Aegestaeans, the Syracusans finally decided to vote to maintain their alliance with the Selinuntians, but to keep the peace with the Carthaginians.
Notes
- §13.43.1ἤλπιζον — The verb ἐλπίζω, which usually means 'to hope' or 'expect', is used here in the sense of anticipating or dreading a negative outcome ('to expect', 'apprehend'). It is followed by the future infinitive δώσειν.
- §13.43.5κατὰ νόμους τότε βασιλεύοντα — The term 'king' (βασιλεύς) in the context of Carthage refers in Greek usage to the chief magistrates (suffetes). The participle βασιλεύοντα agrees with Ἀννίβαν, indicating that he was legally (κατὰ νόμους) holding this office at that time.
- §13.43.6ἐκ τοῦ μὴ βούλεσθαι τοὺς Σελινουντίους διακριθῆναι — An articular infinitive phrase with the preposition ἐκ (ἐκ τοῦ μὴ βούλεσθαι) expressing cause ('as a result of', 'because of'). The accusative τοὺς Σελινουντίους acts as the subject of the infinitive, which in turn takes the passive infinitive διακριθῆναι ('to submit to arbitration') as its complement.
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.43.1-13.43.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.43.1-13.43.7
Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.
Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.