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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.36.1-13.36.5

Athenian Naval Reconstruction and Revolt of the Allies

Passage 215 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Upon learning of the disaster in Sicily, the Athenians do not give up their ambition but establish an oligarchy of four hundred; however, due to the generals' discord and defeat in a naval battle, they lose more ships, leading to the revolt of their allies to the Lacedaemonians.

§13.36.1οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι πυθόμενοι τὴν ἐν Σικελίᾳ δύναμιν ἄρδην ἀνῃρημένην, βαρέως ἔφερον τὸ πλῆθος τῆς συμφορᾶς.
\nWhen the Athenians learned that their force in Sicily had been utterly destroyed, they were deeply grieved by the magnitude of the disaster.
οὐ μὴν ἔληγόν γε διὰ τοῦτο τῆς φιλοτιμίας περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας, ἀλλὰ ναῦς τε κατεσκεύαζον πλείους καὶ χρήματα ἐπορίζοντο, ὅπως φιλονικῶσι μέχρι τῆς ἐσχάτης ἐλπίδος ὑπὲρ τῶν πρωτείων. §13.36.2ἑλόμενοι δὲ τετρακοσίους ἄνδρας, τούτοις ἔδωκαν τὴν ἐξουσίαν αὐτοκράτορα διοικεῖν τὰ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον· ὑπελάμβανον γὰρ τὴν ὀλιγαρχίαν εὐθετωτέραν εἶναι τῆς δημοκρατίας ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις περιστάσεσιν. §13.36.3οὐ μὴν τὰ πράγματά γε κατὰ τὴν ἐκείνων ἠκολούθησε κρίσιν, ἀλλὰ πολὺ χεῖρον τὸν πόλεμον διῴκησαν.
Yet they did not on this account desist from their ambition for the hegemony, but constructed more ships and provided funds, so that they might contend for the supremacy to the very last hope.\n\nAnd having chosen four hundred men, they gave them full power to manage the affairs of the war; for they assumed that in such circumstances oligarchy was better suited than democracy.\n\nHowever, affairs did not follow their judgment, but they managed the war far worse.
ἀποστείλαντες γὰρ τεσσαράκοντα ναῦς συνεξέπεμψαν τοὺς ἀφηγησομένους δύο στρατηγοὺς ἀλλοτρίως ἔχοντας πρὸς ἀλλήλους.
For when they dispatched forty ships, they sent along as commanders two generals who were hostile toward each other.
τῶν δὲ περὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους πραγμάτων τεταπεινωμένων ὁ μὲν καιρὸς προσεδεῖτο πολλῆς ὁμονοίας, οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐστασίαζον. §13.36.4καὶ τέλος ἐκπλεύσαντες εἰς Ὠρωπὸν ἀπαράσκευοι πρὸς τοὺς Πελοποννησίους ἐναυμάχησαν· κακῶς δὲ καὶ τὴν μάχην ἐνστησάμενοι καὶ τὸν κίνδυνον ἀγεννῶς ὑπομείναντες, ἀπέβαλον ναῦς δύο πρὸς ταῖς εἴκοσι, τὰς δὲ λοιπὰς μόγις διέσωσαν εἰς Ἐρέτριαν. §13.36.5τούτων δὲ πραχθέντων οἱ σύμμαχοι τῶν Ἀθηναίων διά τε τὰς περὶ Σικελίαν ἀτυχίας καὶ διὰ τὰς τῶν ἡγεμόνων καχεξίας μεθίσταντο πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους.
And though the affairs of the Athenians were in a depressed state and the crisis demanded great harmony, the generals were at variance with one another.\n\nAnd finally, having sailed out to Oropus, they fought a naval battle against the Peloponnesians without preparation; having both begun the battle badly and endured the danger in a cowardly manner, they lost twenty-two ships, and barely saved the rest to Eretria.\n\nWhen these things were done, the allies of the Athenians, because of both the misfortunes in Sicily and the bad condition of their leaders, revolted to the Lacedaemonians.
συμμάχου δʼ ὄντος τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις Δαρείου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως, Φαρνάβαζος ὁ τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάττης τόπων ἔχων τὴν στρατηγίαν ἐχορήγει χρήματα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις· μετεπέμψατο δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐκ Φοινίκης τριήρεις τριακοσίας, διαλογιζόμενος ἀποστεῖλαι τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν.
Since Darius, the king of the Persians, was an ally of the Lacedaemonians, Pharnabazus, who held the command of the coastal regions, supplied money to the Lacedaemonians; and he also summoned the three hundred triremes from Phoenicia, intending to dispatch them to the assistance of the Lacedaemonians.

Notes

  1. §13.36.1πυθόμενοι τὴν ἐν Σικελίᾳ δύναμιν ἄρδην ἀνῃρημένην — The verb of perceiving πυνθάνομαι takes an accusative with a participle (here ἀνῃρημένην) as its complement instead of an ὅτι-clause or an accusative with infinitive, meaning 'having learned that the force in Sicily had been utterly destroyed.'
  2. §13.36.2διοικεῖν τὰ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον — The infinitive διοικεῖν functions either to modify the noun τὴν ἐξουσίαν (authority) or as an adverbial infinitive of purpose or result, meaning 'to manage the affairs of the war.'
  3. §13.36.4δύο πρὸς ταῖς εἴκοσι — An idiomatic numeral expression in Greek meaning 'twenty-two', literally 'two in addition to twenty' using the preposition πρός with the dative.
  4. §13.36.5τῶν ἡγεμόνων καχεξίας — The noun καχεξία originally denotes a 'bad state of health (cachexia)', but here in the plural genitive it is used metaphorically to refer to the 'discord' or 'political and military incompetence' of the Athenian leaders.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.36.1-13.36.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.36.1-13.36.5

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