Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.26.1-13.26.3

Nicolaus on Athens' Benefactions and Mercy for Captives

Passage 205 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Nicolaus argues that Syracuse should not imitate the bad examples of other states, and appeals for the merciful treatment of the captives by recalling Athens' great contributions to Greek civilization, including food, laws, and the protection of suppliants.

§13.26.1ναί, ἀλλά τινες τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀπέσφαξαν τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους. τί οὖν;
"Yes, but some of the Greeks slaughtered their captives." What of it?
εἰ μὲν αὐτοῖς ἐκ ταύτης τῆς πράξεως ἔπαινοι τυγχάνουσι, μιμησώμεθα τοὺς τῆς δόξης πεφροντικότας· εἰ δὲ παρὰ πρώτων ἡμῶν τυγχάνουσι κατηγορίας, μηδὲ αὐτοὶ πράξωμεν τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς ὁμολογουμένως ἡμαρτηκόσι.
If praise fell to them from this deed, let us imitate those who cared for glory; but if they receive accusation first of all from us, let us not ourselves do the same things as those who have admittedly done wrong.
§13.26.2μέχρι μὲν γὰρ τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον πεπονθέναι τοὺς εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν πίστιν ἑαυτοὺς παραδόντας, ἅπαντες καταμέμψονται δικαίως τὸν Ἀθηναίων δῆμον· ἐὰν δὲ ἀκούσωσι παρὰ τὰ κοινὰ νόμιμα τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους παρεσπονδημένους, ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς μετοίσουσι τὴν κατηγορίαν.
For as long as those who surrendered themselves to our good faith have suffered nothing fatal, all men will justly find fault with the Athenian people; but if they hear that the captives have been treated contrary to the common customs, they will transfer the accusation to us.
καὶ γὰρ εἴ τινων ἄλλων, Ἀθηναίων ἄξιόν ἐστιν ἐντραπῆναι μὲν τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἀξίωμα, χάριν δʼ αὐτοῖς ἀπομερίσαι τῶν εἰς ἄνθρωπον εὐεργετημάτων.
For indeed, if toward any others, toward the Athenians it is fitting to respect the dignity of their city, and to apportion to them gratitude for their benefits toward mankind.
§13.26.3οὗτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ πρῶτοι τροφῆς ἡμέρου τοῖς Ἕλλησι μεταδόντες, ἣν ἰδίᾳ παρὰ θεῶν λαβόντες τῇ χρείᾳ κοινὴν ἐποίησαν· οὗτοι νόμους εὗρον, διʼ οὓς ὁ κοινὸς βίος ἐκ τῆς ἀγρίας καὶ ἀδίκου ζωῆς εἰς ἥμερον καὶ δικαίαν ἐλήλυθε συμβίωσιν· οὗτοι πρῶτοι τοὺς καταφυγόντας διασώσαντες τοὺς περὶ τῶν ἱκετῶν νόμους παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἰσχῦσαι παρεσκεύασαν· ὧν ἀρχηγοὺς γενομένους οὐκ ἄξιον αὐτοὺς ἀποστερῆσαι.
For these are the ones who first shared civilized food with the Greeks, which they, having received privately from the gods, made common in its use; these found laws, through which common life passed from a wild and unjust state into a civilized and just community; these, by being the first to save those who fled for refuge, caused the laws concerning suppliants to have force among all men; and it is not fitting to deprive them of those things of which they became the initiators.
καὶ ταῦτα μὲν πρὸς ἅπαντας· ἰδίᾳ δʼ ἐνίους ὑπομνήσω τῶν φιλανθρώπων.
These things, then, are addressed to everyone; but privately I shall remind some of their acts of humanity.

Notes

  1. §13.26.2μέχρι μὲν γὰρ τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον πεπονθέναι — The preposition μέχρι governs the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ πεπονθέναι. The subject of the infinitive is τοὺς ... παραδόντας, and with the negative μηδέν, it indicates a state prior to any occurrence: "as long as they have not yet suffered anything fatal."
  2. §13.26.2εἴ τινων ἄλλων — An elliptical expression of concession, equivalent to something like εἰ ἄξιόν ἐστιν ἐντραπῆναί τινας ἄλλους ("if it is fitting to respect any others"). It serves to exceptionally emphasize the Athenians in this context.
  3. §13.26.3ὧν ἀρχηγοὺς γενομένους οὐκ ἄξιον αὐτοὺς ἀποστερῆσαι — The verb ἀποστερέω ("deprive") takes the genitive of the thing and the accusative of the person. Here, the genitive relative pronoun ὧν (referring to the three aforementioned benefits) is the thing, and the accusative αὐτούς (the Athenians) is the person. The participle phrase ἀρχηγοὺς γενομένους agrees with αὐτούς ("they who became the initiators of them").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.26.1-13.26.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.26.1-13.26.3

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.