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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.112.1-13.112.6

Revolt of Syracusan Cavalry and Dionysius' Return

Passage 291 of 723 · Greek

Summary

As discontent with Dionysius grows due to the refugees' plight, the Syracusan cavalry revolts, plundering his house and abusing his wife, while Dionysius, anticipating their moves, hastens back to the city to regain control.

§13.112.1ἐφʼ οἷς ἐξεκάετο τὸ κατὰ τοῦ Διονυσίου μῖσος· καὶ γὰρ ὑπελάμβανον αὐτὸν ἐκ συνθέσεως τοῦτο πεποιηκέναι πρὸς τὸ τῷ Καρχηδονίων φόβῳ τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων ἀσφαλῶς δυναστεύειν.
On these accounts, the hatred against Dionysius was kindled to a blaze; for they suspected that he had done this by agreement, in order to rule securely over the other cities through the fear of the Carthaginians.
§13.112.2ἀνελογίζοντο γὰρ τὴν βραδυτῆτα τῆς βοηθείας, τὸ μηδένα πεπτωκέναι τῶν μισθοφόρων, τὸ μηδενὸς ἁδροῦ πταίσματος γεγενημένου φυγεῖν ἀλόγως, τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, τὸ μηδένα τῶν πολεμίων ἐπηκολουθηκέναι· ὥστε τοῖς πρότερον ἐπιθυμοῦσι καιρὸν λαβεῖν τῆς ἀποστάσεως καθάπερ θεῶν προνοίᾳ πάντα ὑπουργεῖν πρὸς τὴν κατάλυσιν τῆς δυναστείας.
For they took into account the slowness of the aid, the fact that none of the mercenaries had fallen, his fleeing without reason when no heavy blow had occurred, and, greatest of all, the fact that none of the enemy had followed; so that to those who had previously desired to find an opportunity for revolt, all things, as if by the providence of the gods, seemed to work together for the overthrow of his tyranny.
§13.112.3οἱ μὲν οὖν Ἰταλιῶται καταλιπόντες αὐτὸν ἐπʼ οἴκου διὰ τῆς μεσογείου τὴν πορείαν ἐποιήσαντο, οἱ δὲ τῶν Συρακοσίων ἱππεῖς τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπετήρουν, εἰ δύναιντο κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἀνελεῖν τὸν τύραννον· ὡς δὲ ἑώρων οὐκ ἀπολείποντας αὐτὸν τοὺς μισθοφόρους, ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἀφίππευσαν εἰς τὰς Συρακούσας.
Thus, the Italiotes, leaving him behind, made their journey homeward through the interior, while the Syracusan cavalry at first watched to see if they could make away with the tyrant on the road; but when they saw that the mercenaries did not leave him, they rode off with one accord to Syracuse.
§13.112.4καταλαβόντες δὲ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς νεωρίοις ἀγνοοῦντας τὰ περὶ τὴν Γέλαν, εἰσῆλθον οὐδενὸς κωλύσαντος, καὶ τὴν μὲν οἰκίαν τοῦ Διονυσίου διήρπασαν γέμουσαν ἀργύρου τε καὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ τῆς ἄλλης πολυτελείας ἁπάσης, τὴν δὲ γυναῖκα συλλαβόντες οὕτω διέθεσαν κακῶς, ὥστε καὶ τὸν τύραννον βαρέως ἐνέχειν τὴν ὀργήν, νομίζοντες τὴν ταύτης τιμωρίαν μεγίστην εἶναι πίστιν τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους κοινωνίας κατὰ τὴν ἐπίθεσιν.
Finding those in the dockyards ignorant of what had happened at Gela, they entered without anyone stopping them, and plundered the house of Dionysius, which was full of silver and gold and all other luxury, and seizing his wife, they treated her so shamefully that the tyrant conceived a deep and lasting resentment against them, since they believed that the maltreatment of her would be the greatest pledge of their mutual partnership in the attack.
§13.112.5ὁ δὲ Διονύσιος κατὰ τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν τὸ γεγονὸς καταστοχαζόμενος, ἐπέλεξε τῶν ἱππέων καὶ τῶν πεζῶν τοὺς πιστοτάτους, μεθʼ ὧν ἠπείγετο πρὸς τὴν πόλιν σπουδῆς οὐδὲν ἐλλείπων· ἐλογίζετο γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ἄλλως δυνατὸν ἐπικρατῆσαι τῶν ἱππέων, εἰ μὴ σπεύδοι· ὅπερ ἐποίησεν.
But Dionysius, guessing what had happened on the journey, selected the most faithful of the cavalry and the infantry, with whom he hastened toward the city, sparing no speed; for he calculated that it would not be possible to get the upper hand of the cavalry otherwise than by hastening, which indeed he did.
εἰ γὰρ παραδοξότερον ἐκείνων ποιήσαιτο τὴν ἄφιξιν, ἤλπιζε ῥᾳδίως κρατήσειν τῆς ἐπιβολῆς· ὅπερ καὶ συνέπεσεν.
For he hoped that if he made his arrival more unexpected than they anticipated, he would easily master the situation, which also came to pass.
§13.112.6οἱ γὰρ ἱππεῖς οὔτʼ ἂν ἔτʼ ἀπελθεῖν οὔτε μεῖναι κατὰ τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸν Διονύσιον ὑπελάμβανον· διόπερ κεκρατηκέναι τῆς ἐπιβολῆς νομίσαντες, ἔφασαν αὐτὸν ἐκ μὲν Γέλας προσποιηθῆναι τοὺς Φοίνικας ἀποδιδράσκειν, νυνὶ δὲ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀποδεδρακέναι τοὺς Συρακοσίους.
For the cavalry supposed that Dionysius would neither be able to depart nor to remain at the camp; therefore, thinking that they had mastered the undertaking, they said that he had pretended to run away from the Phoenicians from Gela, but now had run away in truth from the Syracusans.

Notes

  1. 13.112.1ἐφʼ οἷς — The preposition ἐπί with the neuter plural relative pronoun referring to the circumstances described in the preceding passage (111.5–6), namely the miserable evacuation of the citizens and the soldiers' anger.
  2. 13.112.2τὸ μηδενὸς ἁδροῦ πταίσματος γεγενημένου φυγεῖν — The phrase μηδενὸς ... γεγενημένου is a genitive absolute ('although no serious defeat had occurred'). The infinitive φυγεῖν is substantivized by the article τό as part of a series of objects of the main verb ἀνελογίζοντο.
  3. 13.112.4ὥστε καὶ τὸν τύραννον βαρέως ἐνέχειν τὴν ὀργήν — A result clause introduced by ὥστε. The accusative τὸν τύραννον acts as the subject of the infinitive ἐνέχειν in the idiom ἐνέχειν ὀργήν ('to harbor anger/resentment against someone').
  4. 13.112.4τὴν ταύτης τιμωρίαν — The pronoun ταύτης (referring to the tyrant's wife) is an objective genitive dependent on the noun τιμωρία ('punishment', here in the sense of 'maltreatment' or 'outrage' inflicted upon her).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.112.1-13.112.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.112.1-13.112.6

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