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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.102.1-13.102.5

Last Speech of Diomedon and the Generals' Execution

Passage 281 of 723 · Greek

Summary

As Diomedon was led to execution, he called upon the Athenians to fulfill the vows to the gods on behalf of the city, and his noble speech moved the citizens to tears before the generals were unjustly put to death.

§13.102.1τούτων δὲ κυρωθέντων, καὶ μελλόντων αὐτῶν ὑπὸ τῶν δημοσίων ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον ἄγεσθαι, Διομέδων εἷς τῶν στρατηγῶν παρῆλθεν εἰς τὸ μέσον, ἀνὴρ καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον ἔμπρακτος καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ τε καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἀρεταῖς δοκῶν διαφέρειν.
When these sentences had been ratified, and they were about to be led away to death by the public executioners, Diomedon, one of the generals, came forward into the center, a man active in matters of war and considered to excel both in justice and in the other virtues.
§13.102.2σιωπησάντων δὲ πάντων εἶπεν· ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰ μὲν περὶ ἡμῶν κυρωθέντα συνενέγκαι τῇ πόλει· τὰς δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς νίκης εὐχὰς ἐπειδήπερ ἡ τύχη κεκώλυκεν ἡμᾶς ἀποδοῦναι, καλῶς ἔχον ὑμᾶς φροντίσαι, καὶ τῷ Διὶ τῷ σωτῆρι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνι καὶ ταῖς σεμναῖς θεαῖς ἀπόδοτε· τούτοις γὰρ εὐξάμενοι τοὺς πολεμίους κατεναυμαχήσαμεν. §13.102.3ὁ μὲν οὖν Διομέδων ταῦτα διαλεχθεὶς ἐπὶ τὸν κυρωθέντα θάνατον ἀπήγετο μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν, τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς τῶν πολιτῶν πολὺν οἶκτον παραστήσας καὶ δάκρυα· τὸν γὰρ ἀδίκως τελευτᾶν μέλλοντα τοῦ μὲν καθʼ αὑτὸν πάθους μηδʼ ἡντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι μνείαν, ὑπὲρδὲ τῆς ἀδικούσης πόλεως ἀξιοῦν τὰς εὐχὰς ἀποδιδόναι τοῖς θεοῖς, ἐφαίνετʼ ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς ἔργον καὶ μεγαλοψύχου καὶ τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν τύχης ἀναξίου.
When everyone had fallen silent, he said, "Men of Athens, may the decisions ratified regarding us turn out to the benefit of the city; but since fortune has prevented us from paying the vows made for the victory, it is proper for you to take care of them, and pay them to Zeus the Savior, Apollo, and the venerable goddesses; for it was after making vows to these deities that we defeated the enemy in the naval battle." Diomedon, then, having spoken these words, was led away with the other generals to the death that had been decreed, having aroused great pity and tears in the upright citizens; for that a man who was about to die unjustly should make not the slightest mention of his own suffering, but should ask that the vows be paid to the gods on behalf of the city that was doing him injustice, appeared to be the deed of a pious and magnanimous man, and one unworthy of the fortune that had befallen him.
§13.102.4τούτους μὲν οὖν οἱ ταχθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν νόμων ἕνδεκα ἄρχοντες ἀπέκτειναν, οὐχ οἷον ἠδικηκότας τι τὴν πόλιν, ἀλλὰ ναυμαχίαν μεγίστην τῶν Ἕλλησι πρὸς Ἕλληνας γεγενημένων νενικηκότας καὶ ἐν ἄλλαις μάχαις λαμπρῶς ἠγωνισμένους, καὶ διὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἀρετὰς τρόπαια κατὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἑστακότας.
These men, then, the eleven magistrates appointed by the laws put to death, not because they had done any injustice to the city, but because they had won the greatest naval battle that had ever taken place between Greeks and Greeks, and had fought brilliantly in other battles, and by their own virtues had erected trophies over the enemy.
§13.102.5οὕτως δʼ ὁ δῆμος τότε παρεφρόνησε, καὶ παροξυνθεὶς ἀδίκως ὑπὸ τῶν δημαγωγῶν τὴν ὀργὴν ἀπέσκηψεν εἰς ἄνδρας οὐ τιμωρίας, ἀλλὰ πολλῶν ἐπαίνων καὶ στεφάνων ἀξίους.
Thus the people at that time lost their reason, and having been unjustly provoked by the demagogues, they discharged their anger upon men who deserved not punishment, but great praise and crowns.

Notes

  1. §13.102.2συνενέγκαι — Optative of wish, expressing "may it turn out to the benefit of...". The subject is the neuter plural participle phrase τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν κυρωθέντα ("the things ratified regarding us").
  2. §13.102.2καλῶς ἔχον — Accusative absolute of an impersonal expression (καλῶς ἐστι, "it is proper/good"). It governs the infinitive clause ὑμᾶς φροντίσαι ("for you to take care"), where ὑμᾶς functions as the subject accusative.
  3. §13.102.3τὸν γὰρ ἀδίκως τελευτᾶν μέλλοντα ... ἐφαίνετο — A complex accusative and infinitive structure governed by ἐφαίνετο ("appeared"). The substantivized participle τὸν ... μέλλοντα ("the one who is about to die unjustly") serves as the subject accusative for the infinitives ποιεῖσθαι and ἀξιοῦν. The whole construction expresses that "for a man about to die unjustly to make no mention of his suffering but to ask for the vows to be paid appeared to be the deed of a pious man."
  4. §13.102.4οὐχ οἷον ἠδικηκότας — The phrase οὐχ οἷον ("so far from", "not only not") combined with the participle ἠδικηκότας ("having done injustice"). It strongly contrasts the alleged guilt with their actual heroic deeds, meaning they were executed "not as having done any injustice, but rather having won the greatest naval battle."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.102.1-13.102.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.102.1-13.102.5

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