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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.62.1-12.62.7

Bravery and Wounding of Brasidas at Pylos

Passage 156 of 723 · Greek

Summary

This section describes the intense fighting on both sides during the siege of Pylos, the remarkable bravery and wounding of the Spartan commander Brasidas, and the strange reversal of roles on land and sea that resulted from this battle.

§12.62.1τῆς δὲ πολιορκίας ἀνυπέρβλητον τὴν σπουδὴν ἐχούσης παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις, καὶ τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν βίαν προσαγόντων τοῖς τείχεσι, πολλοὶ μὲν ἄλλοι κατὰ τὰς ἀνδραγαθίας ἐθαυμάσθησαν, μεγίστης δὲ ἀποδοχῆς ἔτυχε Βρασίδας.
While the siege was conducted with unsurpassed zeal on both sides, and the Spartans were bringing force against the walls, many others were admired for their deeds of valor, but Brasidas met with the greatest approval.
§12.62.2τῶν γὰρ τριηράρχων οὐ τολμώντων προσαγαγεῖν τῇ γῇ τὰς τριήρεις διὰ τὴν χαλεπότητα τῶν τόπων, τριήραρχος ὢν ἐβόα καὶ παρεκελεύετο τῷ κυβερνήτῃ μὴ φείδεσθαι τοῦ σκάφους, ἀλλὰ καὶ βίᾳ προσάγειν τῇ γῇ τὴν τριήρη· αἰσχρὸν γὰρ εἶναι τοῖς Σπαρτιάταις τῆς μὲν ψυχῆς ἀφειδεῖν ἕνεκα τῆς νίκης, τῶν δὲ σκαφῶν φείδεσθαι καὶ περιορᾶν Ἀθηναίους κρατοῦντας τῆς Λακωνικῆς.
For when the trierarchs did not dare to bring their triremes to the land because of the difficulty of the places, he, being himself a trierarch, shouted and urged the helmsman not to spare the vessel, but to bring the trireme to the land even by force; for he said it was a disgraceful thing for the Spartans to be unsparing of their lives for the sake of victory, but to spare their vessels and allow the Athenians to be masters of Laconia.
§12.62.3τέλος δὲ συναναγκάσαντος τὸν κυβερνήτην προσαγαγεῖν τὴν ναῦν, ἡ μὲν τριήρης ἐπώκειλεν, ὁ δὲ Βρασίδας ἐπιβὰς ἐπὶ τὴν τῆς νεὼς ἐπιβάθραν ἐκ ταύτης ἠμύνατο τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν συνδραμόντων Ἀθηναίων.
And finally, when he compelled the helmsman to bring the ship in, the trireme ran aground, and Brasidas, stepping onto the gangway of the ship, defended himself from there against the multitude of Athenians who rushed upon him.
καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον τοὺς προσιόντας πολλοὺς ἀπέκτεινε, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλῶν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἐπιφερομένων βελῶν πολλοῖς περιέπιπτεν ἐναντίοις τραύμασι.
And at first he killed many of those who approached, but after this, as many missiles were directed at him, he fell into many wounds from the front.
§12.62.4τέλος δὲ διὰ τῶν τραυμάτων αἵματος ἐκχυθέντος πολλοῦ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο λιποψυχήσαντος αὐτοῦ, ὁ μὲν βραχίων προέπεσεν ἐκ τῆς νεώς, ἡ δʼ ἀσπὶς περιρρυεῖσα καὶ πεσοῦσα εἰς τὴν θάλατταν ὑποχείριος ἐγένετο τοῖς πολεμίοις.
And at last, because much blood was poured out through his wounds, and for this reason he lost consciousness, his arm fell forward out of the ship, and his shield, slipping off and falling into the sea, fell into the hands of the enemy.
§12.62.5μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οὗτος μὲν πολλοὺς τῶν πολεμίων νεκροὺς σωρεύσας αὐτὸς ἡμιθανὴς ἐκ τῆς νεὼς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων ἀπηνέχθη, τοσοῦτον τοὺς ἄλλους ὑπερβαλόμενος ἀνδρείᾳ, ὥστε τῶν ἄλλων τοὺς ἀποβαλόντας τὴν ἀσπίδα θανάτῳ κολάζεσθαι, τοῦτον δʼ ἐπὶ τῇ αὐτῇ αἰτίᾳ ἀπενέγκασθαι δόξαν.
After this, having piled up many corpses of the enemy, he himself was carried away from the ship half-dead by his own men, surpassing the others in courage to such an extent that, while for the others those who lost their shield were punished with death, he won glory for this very same reason.
§12.62.6οἱ μὲν οὖν Λακεδαιμόνιοι συνεχεῖς προσβολὰς ποιούμενοι τῇ Πύλῳ, καὶ πολλοὺς ἀποβαλόντες στρατιώτας, ἔμενον καρτερῶς ἐν τοῖς δεινοῖς.
So the Lacedaemonians, making continuous attacks upon Pylos and losing many soldiers, remained steadfast in their dangers.
θαυμάσαι δʼ ἄν τις τῆς τύχης τὸ παράδοξον καὶ τὴν ἰδιότητα τῆς τῶν περὶ τὴν Πύλον διαθέσεως.
But one might marvel at the paradox of fortune and the peculiarity of the situation around Pylos.
§12.62.7Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἀμυνόμενοι τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας ἐκράτουν, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ τὴν ἰδίαν χώραν πολεμίαν ἔχοντες ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης προσέβαλλον τοῖς πολεμίοις, καὶ τοῖς μὲν πεζῇ κρατοῦσι θαλαττοκρατεῖν συνέβαινε, τοῖς δὲ κατὰ θάλατταν πρωτεύουσι τῆς γῆς ἀπείργειν τοὺς πολεμίους.
For the Athenians, defending themselves from Laconia, were mastering the Spartans, while the Lacedaemonians, having their own country as enemy territory, were attacking the enemy from the sea; and it happened that those who were superior on land were dominating the sea, while those who were foremost at sea were shutting out the enemy from the land.

Notes

  1. 12.62.2αἰσχρὸν γὰρ εἶναι — Infinitive in indirect discourse introduced by the main verbs ἐβόα καὶ παρεκελεύετο ('shouted and urged'). The original direct statement would use the indicative αἰσχρόν ἐστιν, but it is changed to the infinitive εἶναι to represent Brasidas' argument.
  2. 12.62.3συναναγκάσαντος — Genitive absolute construction. The semantic subject of the participle is omitted because it is clear from the context to be Brasidas (Βρασίδας), while the subject of the following main clause is ἡ μὲν τριήρης ('the trireme').
  3. 12.62.5ὥστε τῶν ἄλλων τοὺς ἀποβαλόντας τὴν ἀσπίδα θανάτῳ κολάζεσθαι, τοῦτον δʼ ἐπὶ τῇ αὐτῇ αἰτίᾳ ἀπενέγκασθαι δόξαν — A clause introduced by the conjunction of result ὥστε, containing two accusative-and-infinitive constructions in parallel: τοὺς ἀποβαλόντας as the subject of κολάζεσθαι, and τοῦτον as the subject of ἀπενέγκασθαι.
  4. 12.62.7τοῖς μὲν πεζῇ κρατοῦσι θαλαττοκρατεῖν συνέβαινε, τοῖς δὲ κατὰ θάλατταν πρωτεύουσι τῆς γῆς ἀπείργειν τοὺς πολεμίους — The impersonal verb συνέβαινε ('it happened') takes the datives (τοῖς... κρατοῦσι and τοῖς... πρωτεύουσι) and infinitives (θαλαττοκρατεῖν and ἀπείργειν). It explains the paradoxical historical situation where the Spartans (normally strong on land) were acting from the sea, and the Athenians (normally dominant at sea) were holding the land.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.62.1-12.62.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.62.1-12.62.7

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