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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.60.1-12.60.6

Demosthenes' Aetolian Campaign and Warfare in Western Greece

Passage 154 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian general Demosthenes campaigns in Leucas and Aetolia but suffers a defeat. He subsequently achieves victories in Acarnania and against the Ambraciots, but due to a disagreement with the allied Acarnanians over besieging Ambracia, he returns to Athens alone.

§12.60.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησι Στρατοκλέους ἐν Ῥώμῃ ἀντὶ τῶν ὑπάντων χιλίαρχοι τρεῖς κατεστάθησαν, Λεύκιος Φούριος, Σπόριος Πινάριος καὶ Γάιος Μέτελλος.
In Athens, when Stratocles was archon, in Rome, instead of consuls, three military tribunes were appointed, Lucius Furius, Spurius Pinarius, and Gaius Metellus.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν Δημοσθένη προχειρισάμενοι στρατηγὸν μετὰ νεῶν τριάκοντα καὶ στρατιωτῶν ἱκανῶν ἐξαπέστειλαν.
During their term of office, the Athenians appointed Demosthenes as general and sent him out with thirty ships and a sufficient number of soldiers.
οὗτος δὲ προσλαβόμενος παρὰ τῶν Κερκυραίων τριήρεις πεντεκαίδεκα καὶ παρὰ τῶν Κεφαλλήνων καὶ Ἀκαρνάνων καὶ Μεσσηνίων τῶν ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ στρατιώτας ἔπλευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν Λευκάδα.
He, having taken in addition fifteen triremes from the Corcyraeans, and soldiers from the Cephallenians, Acarnanians, and the Messenians in Naupactus, sailed against Leucas.
δῃώσας δὲ τὴν χώραν τῶν Λευκαδίων ἀπέπλευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν Αἰτωλίαν καὶ πολλὰς αὐτῶν κώμας ἐπόρθησε.
Having ravaged the territory of the Leucadians, he sailed to Aetolia and plundered many of their villages.
τῶν δὲ Αἰτωλῶν συστραφέντων ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἐγένετο μάχη, καθʼ ἣν Ἀθηναῖοι λειφθέντες εἰς Ναύπακτον ἀπεχώρησαν.
But when the Aetolians banded together against him, a battle took place in which the Athenians, being defeated, retreated to Naupactus.
§12.60.2οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ διὰ τὴν νίκην ἐπαρθέντες, καὶ προσλαβόμενοι Λακεδαιμονίων τρισχιλίους στρατιώτας, στρατεύσαντες ἐπὶ Ναύπακτον, κατοικούντων ἐν αὐτῇ τότε Μεσσηνίων, ἀπεκρούσθησαν.
The Aetolians, elated by their victory, and having taken in addition three thousand Lacedaemonian soldiers, campaigned against Naupactus, which was then inhabited by the Messenians, but were repulsed.
§12.60.3μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα στρατεύσαντες ἐπὶ τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Μολυκρίαν εἷλον τὴν πόλιν.
After this, they campaigned against the city called Molycreia and captured it.
ὁ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγὸς Δημοσθένης εὐλαβούμενος μὴ καὶ τὴν Ναύπακτον ἐκπολιορκήσωσι, χιλίους ὁπλίτας ἐξ Ἀκαρνανίας μεταπεμψάμενος ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὴν Ναύπακτον.
But Demosthenes, the general of the Athenians, fearing lest they should also take Naupactus by siege, summoned one thousand hoplites from Acarnania and sent them to Naupactus.
§12.60.4Δημοσθένης δὲ περὶ τὴν Ἀκαρνανίαν διατρίβων περιέτυχεν Ἀμπρακιώταις χιλίοις στρατοπεδεύουσι, πρὸς οὓς συνάψας μάχην σχεδὸν πάντας ἀνεῖλε.
Demosthenes, while lingering in Acarnania, fell in with one thousand Ambraciots who were encamped there, and engaging them in battle, he slew almost all of them.
τῶν δʼ ἐκ τῆς Ἀμπρακίας ἐπεξελθόντων πανδημεί, πάλιν ὁ Δημοσθένης τοὺς πλείους αὐτῶν ἀπέκτεινεν, ὥστε τὴν πόλιν σχεδὸν ἔρημον γενέσθαι.
And when the people of Ambracia marched out in full force, Demosthenes again slew the greater part of them, so that the city became almost deserted.
§12.60.5ὁ μὲν οὖν Δημοσθένης ᾤετο δεῖν ἐκπολιορκῆσαι τὴν Ἀμπρακίαν, ἐλπίζων διὰ τὴν ἐρημίαν τῶν ἀμυνομένων ῥᾳδίως αὐτὴν αἱρήσειν.
Therefore, Demosthenes thought that they ought to take Ambracia by siege, hoping that because of the lack of defenders they would easily capture it.
οἱ δʼ Ἀκαρνᾶνες φοβούμενοι μὴ τῆς πόλεως Ἀθηναῖοι κυριεύσαντες βαρύτεροι πάροικοι γένωνται τῶν Ἀμπρακιωτῶν, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἀκολουθεῖν.
But the Acarnanians, fearing lest the Athenians, once they became masters of the city, should prove to be more troublesome neighbors than the Ambraciots, refused to follow.
§12.60.6στασιαζόντων δʼ αὐτῶν, οἱ μὲν Ἀκαρνᾶνες διαλυσάμενοι τοῖς Ἀμπρακιώταις συνέθεντο τὴν εἰρήνην εἰς ἔτη ἑκατόν, Δημοσθένης δʼ ἐγκαταλειφθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων ἀπέπλευσε σὺν ταῖς εἴκοσι ναυσὶν εἰς Ἀθήνας.
While they were at variance, the Acarnanians settled their differences with the Ambraciots and concluded a peace for one hundred years; but Demosthenes, being abandoned by the Acarnanians, sailed back to Athens with his twenty ships.
Ἀμπρακιῶται δὲ μεγάλῃ συμφορᾷ περιπεπτωκότες παρὰ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων φρουρὰν μετεπέμψαντο, φοβούμενοι τοὺς Ἀθηναίους.
The Ambraciots, having met with a great disaster, summoned a garrison from the Lacedaemonians, because they feared the Athenians.

Notes

  1. §12.60.1λειφθέντες — The passive aorist participle of λείπω; here used in the sense of "being defeated" or "coming off worst" in battle, derived from its literal meaning "to be left behind."
  2. §12.60.2προσλαβόμενος — Although the subject of the main clause, οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ, is plural, this participle appears in the singular (προσλαβόμενος). This is a grammatical inconsistency (anacoluthon or scribal error), but contextually it refers to the Aetolians as a group receiving the Lacedaemonians.
  3. §12.60.5οὐκ ἔφασαν — The negative particle οὐ negates φημί, which governs the infinitive ἀκολουθεῖν. This is a common idiom (litotes/transferred negation) meaning "they said they would not follow," expressing an active refusal to accompany.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.60.1-12.60.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.60.1-12.60.6

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