§12.41.1αἰτίαι μὲν οὖν τοῦ Πελοποννησιακοῦ πολέμου τοιαῦταί τινες ὑπῆρξαν, ὡς Ἔφορος ἀνέγραψε.
Such then were some of the causes of the Peloponnesian War, as Ephorus has recorded.
τῶν δʼ ἡγουμένων πόλεων τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον εἰς πόλεμον ἐμπεσουσῶν, Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν μετὰ τῶν Πελοποννησίων συνεδρεύσαντες ἐψηφίσαντο πολεμεῖν τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Περσῶν βασιλέα πρεσβεύσαντες παρεκάλουν συμμαχεῖν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν καὶ Ἰταλίαν συμμάχους διαπρεσβευσάμενοι διακοσίαις τριήρεσιν ἔπεισαν βοηθεῖν, §12.41.2αὐτοὶ δὲ μετὰ τῶν Πελοποννησίων τὰς πεζὰς δυνάμεις διατάξαντες καὶ τἄλλα τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ἡτοιμασμένοι πρῶτοι τοῦ πολέμου κατήρξαντο.
When the leading cities had fallen into war in this manner, the Lacedaemonians, having held a council with the Peloponnesians, voted to make war on the Athenians; and they sent ambassadors to the King of the Persians, urging him to ally with them, and having sent embassies to their allies in Sicily and Italy, they persuaded them to help with two hundred triremes, while they themselves, having arranged their land forces with the Peloponnesians and having prepared everything else for the war, were the first to begin the war.
κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Βοιωτίαν ἡ τῶν Πλαταιέων πόλις αὐτόνομος ἦν καὶ συμμαχίαν εἶχε πρὸς Ἀθηναίους.
For in Boeotia the city of the Plataeans was autonomous and had an alliance with the Athenians.
§12.41.3ἐν ταύτῃ τῶν πολιτῶν τινες καταλῦσαι τὴν αὐτονομίαν βουλόμενοι διελέχθησαν τοῖς Βοιωτοῖς, ἐπαγγελλόμενοι τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ τὴν τῶν Θηβαίων τάξειν συντέλειαν καὶ παραδώσειν αὐτοῖς τὰς Πλαταιάς, ἐὰν αὐτοὶ στρατιώτας πέμψωσι τοὺς βοηθοῦντας.
In this city, some of the citizens, wishing to destroy its autonomy, entered into negotiations with the Boeotians, promising to bring the city under the tax-paying union of the Thebans and to deliver Plataea to them, if they themselves would send soldiers to help.
§12.41.4διὸ καὶ τῶν Βοιωτῶν ἀποστειλάντων στρατιώτας ἐπιλέκτους τριακοσίους νυκτός, οἱ προδόται τούτους παρεισαγαγόντες ἐντὸς τῶν τειχῶν κυρίους τῆς πόλεως ἐποίησαν.
Therefore, when the Boeotians sent three hundred select soldiers by night, the traitors, having let them inside the walls, made them masters of the city.
§12.41.5οἱ δὲ Πλαταιεῖς βουλόμενοι τὴν πρὸς Ἀθηναίους συμμαχίαν διαφυλάττειν, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὑπολαβόντες πανδημεὶ τοὺς Θηβαίους παρεῖναι, διεπρεσβεύσαντο πρὸς τοὺς κατειληφότας τὴν πόλιν καὶ παρεκάλουν συνθέσθαι σπονδάς· ὡς δʼ ἡ νὺξ παρῆλθε, κατανοήσαντες ὀλίγους ὄντας, συνεστράφησαν καὶ περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἐκθύμως ἠγωνίζοντο.
The Plataeans, wishing to preserve their alliance with the Athenians, at first, supposing that the Thebans were present in full force, sent ambassadors to those who had seized the city and urged them to make a treaty; but when the night had passed and they realized that they were few, they banded together and fought eagerly for their freedom.
§12.41.6γενομένης δὲ τῆς μάχης ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον οἱ Θηβαῖοι διὰ τὰς ἀρετὰς προεῖχον καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν ἀνθισταμένων ἀνῄρουν· τῶν δʼ οἰκετῶν καὶ τῶν παίδων ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν βαλλόντων τὰς κεραμῖδας καὶ κατατιτρωσκόντων τοὺς Θηβαίους ἐτράπησαν· καὶ τινὲς μὲν αὐτῶν ἐκπεσόντες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως διεσώθησαν, τινὲς δὲ εἰς οἰκίαν τινὰ καταφυγόντες ἠναγκάσθησαν παραδοῦναι σφᾶς αὐτούς.
When the battle took place in the streets, at first the Thebans, because of their valor, had the upper hand and slew many of those who resisted; but when the slaves and children threw tiles from the houses and wounded the Thebans, they were turned to flight; and some of them, escaping from the city, saved themselves, while others, having taken refuge in a house, were forced to surrender themselves.
§12.41.7οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοι παρὰ τῶν ἐκ τῆς μάχης διασωθέντων πυθόμενοι τὰ συμβεβηκότα, παραχρῆμα πανδημεὶ κατὰ σπουδὴν ὥρμησαν.
The Thebans, having learned of what had happened from those who had saved themselves from the battle, immediately set out in full force with haste.
διὰ δὲ τὸ παράδοξον ἀνετοίμων ὄντων τῶν κατὰ τὴν χώραν, πολλοὶ μὲν ἀνῃρέθησαν, οὐκ ὀλίγοι δὲ ζῶντες συνελήφθησαν, ἅπασα δʼ ἡ χώρα ταραχῆς καὶ διαρπαγῆς ἔγεμεν.
Because of the unexpectedness of the event, since those in the countryside were unprepared, many were slain, and not a few were captured alive, and the whole countryside was filled with confusion and pillage.