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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.14.1-12.14.3

Poetic Testimonies on Bad Company and Remarriage

Passage 108 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Many poets testify in their poems to the evils of bad company and the law against introducing a stepmother. Furthermore, marrying twice is compared to sailing twice, illustrating how foolish and dangerous it is deemed to be.

§12.14.1ἀμφότερα δὲ τὰ προειρημένα πολλοὶ τῶν ποιητῶν διʼ ἐμμέτρου ποιήματος μεμαρτυρήκασι· τὴν μὲν κακομιλίαν ἐν τοῖσδε, " ὅστις δʼ ὁμιλῶν ἥδεται κακοῖς ἀνήρ, οὐπώποτʼ ἠρώτησα, γινώσκων ὅτι τοιοῦτός ἐστιν οἷσπερ ἥδεται ξυνών·
Many of the poets have borne witness to both of the aforementioned matters through their poems: bad company in the following: "The man who delights in associating with the wicked, I have never questioned, knowing that he is such as those with whom he delights to associate.
" τὸν δὲ περὶ τῆς μητρυιᾶς τεθέντα νόμον ἐν τούτοις, " τὸν νομοθέτην φασὶν Χαρώνδαν ἔν τινι νομοθεσίᾳ τά τʼ ἄλλα καὶ ταυτὶ λέγειν· ὁ παισὶν αὑτοῦ μητρυιὰν ἐπεισάγων μήτʼ εὐδοκιμείτω μήτε μετεχέτω λόγου παρὰ τοῖς πολίταις, ὡς ἐπείσακτον κακὸν κατὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ πραγμάτων πεπορισμένος.
"and the law enacted concerning stepmothers in these: "They say that the lawgiver Charondas, in a certain legislation, among other things, says this: 'Let him who introduces a stepmother to his children neither enjoy good repute nor have a share in counsel among the citizens, as one who has procured an imported evil against his own affairs.
εἴτʼ ἐπέτυχες γάρ, φησί, γήμας τὸ πρότερον, εὐημερῶν κατάπαυσον, εἴτʼ οὐκ ἐπέτυχες, μανικὸν τὸ πεῖραν δευτέρας λαβεῖν πάλιν. " ταῖς γὰρ ἀληθείαις ὁ δὶς ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς πράγμασιν ἁμαρτάνων ἄφρων ἂν δικαίως νομισθείη.
For if you succeeded,' he says, 'in marrying previously, rest satisfied in your good fortune; but if you did not succeed, it is madness to take trial of a second again.' "For in truth, he who errs twice in the same matters would justly be deemed a fool.
§12.14.2καὶ Φιλήμονος τοῦ κωμῳδιογράφου γράφοντος τοὺς πολλάκις ναυτιλλομένους καὶ συνειπόντος τῷ νόμῳ " τεθαύμακʼ οὐκέτʼ εἰ πέπλευκέ τις, ἀλλʼ εἰ πέπλευκε δίς, " τὸ παραπλήσιον ἄν τις ἀποφαίνοιτο μὴ θαυμάζειν εἴ τις γεγάμηκεν, ἀλλʼ εἰ δὶς γεγάμηκε· κρεῖττον γὰρ εἶναι δὶς ἑαυτὸν θαλάττῃ παραβαλεῖν ἢ γυναικί.
And since the comic poet Philemon writes about those who frequently go to sea, and agrees with the law: "I no longer wonder if someone has sailed, but if he has sailed twice, "one might declare a similar thing, namely, not to wonder if someone has married, but if he has married twice; for it is better to expose oneself twice to the sea than to a wife.
§12.14.3μέγισται γὰρ καὶ χαλεπώταται στάσεις ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις γίνονται διὰ μητρυιὰς τέκνοις πρὸς πατέρας, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα πολλαὶ καὶ παράνομοι πράξεις ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις τραγῳδοῦνται.
For the greatest and most severe factions arise in households because of stepmothers, between children and their fathers, and because of these, many lawless deeds are dramatized in the theaters.

Notes

  1. 12.14.1οἷσπερ ἥδεται ξυνών — The participle ξυνών (from σύνειμι "to be with") is a supplementary participle with the verb of feeling ἥδεται, meaning "delights to be with". The relative pronoun οἷσπερ (dative) functions as the complement of σύνειμι, which governs the dative, with its antecedent ("those people") omitted.
  2. 12.14.1ὡς ἐπείσακτον κακὸν κατὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ πραγμάτων πεπορισμένος — The conjunction ὡς accompanies the participle πεπορισμένος (perfect middle-passive participle of πορίζω, here with active sense "having procured") to express a subjective reason or regard ("as one who has procured"). The participle agrees with the subject of the main clause (ὁ ἐπεισάγων) in the nominative singular masculine.
  3. 12.14.2Φιλήμονος τοῦ κωμῳδιογράφου γράφοντος ... καὶ συνειπόντος — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the genitive noun Φιλήμονος and the present participles γράφοντος and συνειπόντος. It functions as a circumstantial clause of attendant circumstance or cause ("since ... writes and agrees") modifying the main clause (ἄν... ἀποφαίνοιτο).
  4. 12.14.2ἄν τις ἀποφαίνοιτο — The combination of the particle ἄν and the optative middle ἀποφαίνοιτο (from ἀποφαίνω "to declare") expresses a potential optative ("anyone might declare"), indicating a gentle assertion or possibility.
  5. 12.14.2μὴ θαυμάζειν εἴ τις γεγάμηκεν, ἀλλʼ εἰ δὶς γεγάμηκε — The infinitive θαυμάζειν (accompanied by the negative μὴ) paraphrases the poet Philemon's phrase τεθαύμακʼ οὐκέτʼ εἰ ... from the previous quote, functioning either as the direct object of ἀποφαίνοιτο or as an infinitive representing an imperative in indirect speech ("declare that one should not wonder").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.14.1-12.14.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.14.1-12.14.3

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