§12.12.1πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ τοῖς μητρυιὰν ἐπαγομένοις κατὰ τῶν ἰδίων τέκνων ἔθηκε πρόστιμον τὸ μὴ γίνεσθαι συμβούλους τούτους τῇ πατρίδι, νομίζων τοὺς κακῶς περὶ τῶν ἰδίων τέκνων βουλευσαμένους καὶ συμβούλους κακοὺς ἔσεσθαι τῇ πατρίδι.
For first, he imposed on those who brought in a stepmother over their own children the penalty of not becoming advisers to their country, thinking that those who had counselled badly concerning their own children would also be bad advisers to their country.
ἔφη γὰρ τοὺς μὲν πρῶτον γήμαντας καὶ ἐπιτυχόντας δεῖν εὐημεροῦντας καταπαύειν, τοὺς δὲ ἀποτυχόντας τῷ γάμῳ καὶ πάλιν ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἄφρονας δεῖν ὑπολαμβάνεσθαι.
For he said that those who married first and were successful ought to stop while they were faring well, but those who failed in marriage and again made the same mistake in these matters ought to be regarded as fools.
§12.12.2τοὺς δʼ ἐπὶ συκοφαντίᾳ καταγνωσθέντας προσέταξε περιπατεῖν ἐστεφανωμένους μυρίκῃ, ὅπως ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις φαίνωνται τὸ πρωτεῖον τῆς πονηρίας περιπεποιημένοι.
And he ordered those convicted of false accusation to walk around crowned with tamarisk, so that they might appear to all the citizens to have won the first prize for wickedness.
διὸ καί τινας ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ ἐγκλήματι καταδικασθέντας τὸ μέγεθος τῆς ὕβρεως οὐκ ἐνεγκόντας ἑκουσίως ἑαυτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν μεταστῆσαι.
Consequently, some who were condemned on this charge, unable to bear the magnitude of the disgrace, voluntarily ended their own lives.
οὗ συντελεσθέντος ἐφυγαδεύθη πᾶς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὁ συκοφαντεῖν εἰωθώς, καὶ τὸ πολίτευμα μακάριον εἶχε βίον τῆς τοιαύτης κακίας ἀπηλλαγμένον.
When this was carried out, everyone who was accustomed to make false accusations was banished from the city, and the state enjoyed a happy life, free from such wickedness.
§12.12.3ἔγραψε δὲ ὁ Χαρώνδας καὶ περὶ τῆς κακομιλίας νόμον ἐξηλλαγμένον καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις νομοθέταις παρεωραμένον.
Charondas also wrote a law concerning bad association which was distinct and had been overlooked by other lawgivers.
ὑπολαβὼν γὰρ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἄνδρας ἐνίοτε διὰ τὴν πρὸς τοὺς πονηροὺς φιλίαν καὶ συνήθειαν διαστρέφεσθαι τὰ ἤθη πρὸς κακίαν, καὶ τὴν φαυλότητα καθάπερ λοιμικὴν νόσον ἐπινέμεσθαι τὸν βίον τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ νοσοποιεῖν τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἀρίστων·
For he assumed that good men are sometimes corrupted in their character toward wickedness because of their friendship and intimacy with the wicked, and that vice, like a pestilential disease, infects the life of men and makes sick the souls of the best.
κατάντης γὰρ ἡ πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον ὁδός, ῥᾳδίαν ἔχουσα τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν· διὸ καὶ τῶν μετρίων πολλοὶ τοῖς ἤθεσιν, ὑπούλοις ἡδοναῖς δελεασθέντες, εἰς ἐπιτηδεύσεις χειρίστας περιώκειλαν·
For the road to the worse is downhill, offering an easy journey; wherefore even many of those moderate in character, enticed by insidious pleasures, have run aground into the worst practices.
ταύτην οὖν τὴν διαφθορὰν ἀναστεῖλαι βουλόμενος ὁ νομοθέτης ἀπηγόρευσε τῇ τῶν πονηρῶν φιλίᾳ τε καὶ συνηθείᾳ χρήσασθαι, καὶ δίκας ἐποίησε κακομιλίας, καὶ προστίμοις μεγάλοις ἀπέτρεψε τοὺς ἁμαρτάνειν μέλλοντας.
Wishing, therefore, to check this corruption, the lawgiver forbade keeping friendship and intimacy with the wicked, established lawsuits against bad association, and deterred by heavy penalties those who were about to commit this offense.
§12.12.4ἔγραψε δὲ καὶ ἕτερον νόμον πολὺ τούτου κρείττονα καὶ τοῖς παλαιοτέροις αὐτοῦ νομοθέταις ἠμελημένον· ἐνομοθέτησε γὰρ τῶν πολιτῶν τοὺς υἱεῖς ἅπαντας μανθάνειν γράμματα, χορηγούσης τῆς πόλεως τοὺς μισθοὺς τοῖς διδασκάλοις.
And he wrote another law much better than this, which had been neglected by the lawgivers older than himself; for he legislated that all the sons of the citizens should learn reading and writing, with the city providing the salaries for the teachers.
ὑπέλαβε γὰρ τοὺς ἀπόρους τοῖς βίοις, ἰδίᾳ μὴ δυναμένους διδόναι μισθούς, ἀποστερήσεσθαι τῶν καλλίστων ἐπιτηδευμάτων.
For he assumed that those poor in their livelihoods, unable to pay salaries privately, would be deprived of the most beautiful pursuits.