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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §11.48.1-11.48.8

Conflict and Reconciliation between Hieron and Theron

Passage 49 of 723 · Greek

Summary

After noting the transition of rulers in Sparta and Rhegium, the text describes how Hieron, the king of Syracuse, plotted to eliminate his brother Polyzelus, leading to tension with Theron, the tyrant of Acragas. Hieron then revealed to Theron a secret plot by the Himeraeans to rebel, which led to a peaceful settlement between the rulers and a massacre of the conspirators in Himera.

§11.48.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησι Φαίδωνος Ὀλυμπιὰς μὲν ἤχθη ἕκτη πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Σκαμάνδριος Μυτιληναῖος, ἐν Ῥώμῃ δʼ ὑπῆρχον ὕπατοι Καίσων Φάβιος καὶ Σπόριος Φούριος Μενέλλαιος.
When Phaedon was archon in Athens, the seventy-sixth Olympiad was celebrated, in which Scamandrius of Mytilene won the stadion; and in Rome the consuls were Caeso Fabius and Spurius Furius Menellaus.
§11.48.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Λεωτυχίδας ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεὺς ἐτελεύτησεν ἄρξας ἔτη εἴκοσι καὶ δύο, τὴν δὲ ἀρχὴν διαδεξάμενος Ἀρχίδαμος ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη τετταράκοντα καὶ δύο.
During their term of office, Leotychides, the king of the Lacedaemonians, died after ruling for twenty-two years, and Archidamus, succeeding to the rule, reigned for forty-two years.
ἐτελεύτησε δὲ καὶ Ἀναξίλας ὁ Ῥηγίου καὶ Ζάγκλης τύραννος, δυναστεύσας ἔτη δέκα ὀκτώ, τὴν δὲ τυραννίδα διεδέξατο Μίκυθος, πιστευθεὶς ὥστε ἀποδοῦναι τοῖς τέκνοις τοῦ τελευτήσαντος οὖσι νέοις τὴν ἡλικίαν.
Anaxilas, the tyrant of Rhegium and Zancle, also died after a rule of eighteen years, and Micythus succeeded to the tyranny, having been trusted on the condition that he should restore it to the children of the deceased, who were young in age.
§11.48.3Ἱέρων δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Συρακοσίων μετὰ τὴν τοῦ Γέλωνος τελευτὴν τὸν μὲν ἀδελφὸν Πολύζηλον ὁρῶν εὐδοκιμοῦντα παρὰ τοῖς Συρακοσίοις, καὶ νομίζων αὐτὸν ἔφεδρον ὑπάρχειν τῆς βασιλείας, ἔσπευδεν ἐκποδὼν ποιήσασθαι, αὐτὸς δὲ ξενολογῶν καὶ περὶ αὑτὸν σύστημα ξένων παρασκευάζων ὑπελάμβανεν ἀσφαλῶς καθέξειν τὴν βασιλείαν.
Hieron, the king of the Syracusans, after the death of Gelon, seeing his brother Polyzelus in high favor among the Syracusans and believing him to be a rival candidate for the kingship, was eager to put him out of the way, while he himself, by recruiting mercenaries and gathering a body of foreigners about him, expected to hold the kingdom securely.
§11.48.4διὸ καὶ Συβαριτῶν πολιορκουμένων ὑπὸ Κροτωνιατῶν καὶ δεομένων βοηθῆσαι, στρατιώτας πολλοὺς κατέγραψεν εἰς τὴν στρατιάν, ἣν παρεδίδου Πολυζήλῳ τἀδελφῷ νομίζων αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν Κροτωνιατῶν ἀναιρεθήσεσθαι.
For this reason, when the Sybarites were being besieged by the Crotoniates and were begging for assistance, he enrolled many soldiers into the army, which he delivered to his brother Polyzelus, thinking that he would be destroyed by the Crotoniates.
§11.48.5τοῦ δὲ Πολυζήλου πρὸς τὴν στρατείαν οὐχ ὑπακούσαντος διὰ τὴν ῥηθεῖσαν ὑποψίαν, διʼ ὀργῆς εἶχε τὸν ἀδελφόν, καὶ φυγόντος πρὸς Θήρωνα τὸν Ἀκραγαντίνων τύραννον, καταπολεμῆσαι τοῦτον παρεσκευάζετο.
But when Polyzelus did not obey the summons for the campaign because of the suspicion mentioned, Hieron held his brother in anger, and when he fled to Theron, the tyrant of the Acragantini, Hieron made preparations to make war upon him.
§11.48.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Θρασυδαίου τοῦ Θήρωνος ἐπιστατοῦντος τῆς τῶν Ἱμεραίων πόλεως βαρύτερον τοῦ καθήκοντος, συνέβη τοὺς Ἱμεραίους ἀπαλλοτριωθῆναι παντελῶς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.
After these events, since Thrasydaeus, the son of Theron, was presiding over the city of the Himeraeans more harshly than was fitting, it happened that the Himeraeans were completely alienated from him.
§11.48.7πρὸς μὲν οὖν τὸν πατέρα πορεύεσθαί τε καὶ κατηγορεῖν ἀπεδοκίμαζον, νομίζοντες οὐχ ἕξειν ἴσον ἀκουστήν· πρὸς δὲ τὸν Ἱέρωνα πρέσβεις ἀπέστειλαν κατηγοροῦντες τοῦ Θρασυδαίου καὶ ἐπαγγελλόμενοι τήν τε πόλιν ἐκείνῳ παραδώσειν καὶ συνεπιθήσεσθαι τοῖς περὶ τὸν Θήρωνα.
Accordingly, they rejected the idea of going to his father and accusing him, thinking that he would not be an impartial listener; but they sent ambassadors to Hieron, accusing Thrasydaeus and promising to deliver the city to him and to join him in attacking Theron and his party.
§11.48.8ὁ δὲ Ἱέρων κρίνας εἰρηνικῶς διαλύσασθαι πρὸς τὸν Θήρωνα, προύδωκε τοὺς Ἱμεραίους καὶ τὰ βεβουλευμένα λαθραίως ἐμήνυσεν.
But Hieron, having decided to settle his differences with Theron in a peaceful manner, betrayed the Himeraeans and secretly revealed their plans.
διόπερ Θήρων ἐξετάσας τὰ κατὰ τὴν βουλήν, καὶ τὴν μήνυσιν ἀληθινὴν εὑρίσκων, πρὸς μὲν τὸν Ἱέρωνα διελύσατο καὶ τὸν Πολύζηλον εἰς τὴν προϋπάρχουσαν εὔνοιαν ἀποκατέστησε, τῶν δὲ Ἱμεραίων τοὺς ἐναντίους πολλοὺς ὄντας συλλαβὼν ἀπέσφαξεν.
Therefore Theron, having investigated the matters concerning the plot and finding the disclosure to be true, made peace with Hieron and restored Polyzelus to his former favor, but he arrested and slaughtered the opponents among the Himeraeans, who were many.

Notes

  1. 11.48.1στάδιον — Used with the verb ἐνίκα as an accusative of the contest (or cognate accusative), indicating victory in the 'stadion' (short foot-race) rather than merely running that distance.
  2. 11.48.2πιστευθεὶς ὥστε ἀποδοῦναι — The passive participle πιστευθείς is followed by ὥστε with the infinitive to express the condition or term under which the trust was given ('having been trusted on the condition that he should restore...').
  3. 11.48.5καταπολεμῆσαι τοῦτον — The antecedent of the demonstrative pronoun τοῦτον is 'Theron, the tyrant of the Acragantini' (Θήρωνα τὸν Ἀκραγαντίνων τύραννον), who has just been mentioned. Although grammatically it could refer to Polyzelus, the context of preparing a campaign against the state that harbored him makes Theron the natural referent.
  4. 11.48.7νομίζοντες οὐχ ἕξειν ἴσον ἀκουστήν — In the accusative and infinitive construction introduced by νομίζοντες, the subject accusative of the infinitive ἕξειν is omitted and must be supplied from the context as 'the father' (τὸν πατέρα, i.e., Theron).
  5. 11.48.8τῶν δὲ Ἱμεραίων τοὺς ἐναντίους πολλοὺς ὄντας συλλαβὼν ἀπέσφαξεν — The participle phrase πολλοὺς ὄντας, agreeing with the accusative object τοὺς ἐναντίους ('the opponents'), functions circumstantially to add factual detail or to express a concessive nuance ('although they were many').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §11.48.1-11.48.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:11.48.1-11.48.8

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