§11.30.1Μαρδόνιος δὲ πυθόμενος τὴν τῶν πολεμίων δύναμιν προάγειν ἐπὶ Βοιωτίας, προῆλθεν ἐκ τῶν Θηβῶν· καὶ παραγενόμενος ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀσωπὸν ποταμὸν ἔθετο παρεμβολήν, ἣν ὠχύρωσε τάφρῳ βαθείᾳ καὶ τείχει ξυλίνῳ περιέλαβεν.
When Mardonius learned that the army of the enemy was advancing toward Boeotia, he set out from Thebes; and arriving at the Asopus River, he established a camp, which he fortified with a deep ditch and surrounded with a wooden wall.
ἦν δὲ ὁ σύμπας ἀριθμὸς τῶν μὲν Ἑλλήνων εἰς δέκα μυριάδας, τῶν δὲ βαρβάρων εἰς πεντήκοντα.
The total number of the Greeks was about one hundred thousand, while that of the barbarians was about five hundred thousand.
§11.30.2πρῶτοι δὲ κατήρξαντο μάχης οἱ βάρβαροι νυκτὸς ἐκχυθέντες ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἱππεῦσι πρὸς τὴν στρατοπεδείαν ἐπελάσαντες.
The barbarians were the first to begin the battle, sallying out against them by night and riding with all their cavalry toward the camp.
τῶν δὲ Ἀθηναίων προαισθομένων καὶ συντεταγμένῃ τῇ στρατιᾷ τεθαρρηκότως ἀπαντώντων, συνέβη καρτερὰν γενέσθαι μάχην.
But since the Athenians had perceived this beforehand and met them courageously with their army in battle array, it happened that a fierce battle took place.
§11.30.3τέλος δὲ τῶν Ἑλλήνων οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πάντες τοὺς καθʼ αὑτοὺς ταχθέντας τῶν βαρβάρων ἐτρέψαντο, μόνοι δὲ Μεγαρεῖς πρός τε τὸν ἵππαρχον καὶ τοὺς ἀρίστους τῶν Περσῶν ἱππεῖς ἀνθεστῶτες, καὶ πιεζόμενοι τῇ μάχῃ, τὴν μὲν τάξιν οὐ κατέλιπον, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους πέμψαντές τινας ἐξ αὐτῶν ᾔτουν κατὰ τάχος βοηθῆσαι.
At last, all the other Greeks put to flight the barbarians stationed opposite them, but the Megarians alone, standing their ground against the cavalry commander and the finest of the Persian cavalry, although hard pressed in the fight, did not abandon their position, but sending some of their number to the Athenians and Lacedaemonians, begged them to come to their aid with all speed.
§11.30.4Ἀριστείδου δὲ τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν τῶν Ἀθηναίων ταχέως ἀποστείλαντος τοὺς ἐπιλέκτους, συστραφέντες οὗτοι καὶ προσπεσόντες τοῖς βαρβάροις τοὺς μὲν Μεγαρεῖς ἐξείλοντο τῶν κινδύνων τῶν ἐπικειμένων, τῶν δὲ Περσῶν αὐτόν τε τὸν ἵππαρχον καὶ πολλοὺς ἄλλους ἀποκτείναντες τοὺς λοιποὺς ἐτρέψαντο.
When Aristides quickly dispatched the elite of the Athenians who were with him, these men closed ranks and, falling upon the barbarians, rescued the Megarians from the impending danger, and after killing both the cavalry commander himself and many others of the Persians, put the rest to flight.
οἱ μὲν οὖν Ἕλληνες, ὡσπερεί τινι προαγῶνι λαμπρῶς προτερήσαντες, εὐέλπιδες ἐγένοντο περὶ τῆς ὁλοσχεροῦς νίκης· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐκ τῆς ὑπωρείας μετεστρατοπέδευσαν εἰς ἕτερον τόπον εὐθετώτερον πρὸς τὴν ὁλοσχερῆ νίκην.
The Greeks, therefore, having gained a brilliant success in what was, as it were, a preliminary contest, became highly hopeful of complete victory; and after this, they moved their camp from the foothills to another place better suited for complete victory.
§11.30.5ἦν γὰρ ἐκ μὲν τῶν δεξιῶν γεώλοφος ὑψηλός, ἐκ δὲ τῶν εὐωνύμων ὁ Ἀσωπὸς ποταμός· τὸν δʼ ἀνὰ μέσον τόπον ἐπεῖχεν ἡ στρατοπεδεία, πεφραγμένη τῇ φύσει καὶ ταῖς τῶν τόπων ἀσφαλείαις.
For on the right was a high hill, and on the left was the Asopus River; and the camp occupied the intervening space, being fortified by nature and by the security of the terrain.
§11.30.6τοῖς μὲν οὖν Ἕλλησιν ἐμφρόνως βουλευσαμένοις πολλὰ συνεβάλετο πρὸς τὴν νίκην ἡ τῶν τόπων στενοχωρία· οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἐπὶ πολὺ μῆκος παρεκτείνειν τὴν φάλαγγα τῶν Περσῶν, ὥστε ἀχρήστους εἶναι συνέβαινε τὰς πολλὰς μυριάδας τῶν βαρβάρων.
Therefore, to the Greeks who had planned wisely, the narrowness of the terrain contributed greatly to their victory; for since it was not possible to extend the phalanx of the Persians over a great length, it happened that the many tens of thousands of the barbarians were rendered useless.
διόπερ οἱ περὶ τὸν Παυσανίαν καὶ Ἀριστείδην θαρρήσαντες τοῖς τόποις προῆγον τὴν δύναμιν εἰς τὴν μάχην, καὶ συντάξαντες ἑαυτοὺς οἰκείως τῆς περιστάσεως ἦγον ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους.
For this reason, those around Pausanias and Aristides, taking courage from the terrain, led their forces into battle, and having drawn themselves up in a manner suited to the circumstance, advanced against the enemy.