§11.12.1ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀρκούντως περὶ τῆς τούτων τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετῆς εἰρηκότες ἐπάνιμεν ἐπὶ τὰ συνεχῆ τοῖς εἰρημένοις.
Having spoken sufficiently about the virtue of these men, we shall return to the events following what has been said.
Ξέρξης γὰρ τῶν παρόδων τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον κρατήσας καὶ κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν τὴν Καδμείαν νίκην νενικηκώς, ὀλίγους μὲν τῶν πολεμίων ἀνεῖλε, πολλαπλασίους δὲ τῶν ἰδίων ἀπώλεσεν.
For Xerxes, having mastered the passes in the aforementioned manner and having won what is called in the proverb a "Cadmean victory," destroyed but few of the enemy, while losing many times more of his own men.
ἐπεὶ δὲ πεζῇ τῶν παρόδων ἐκυρίευσε, τῶν κατὰ τὴν θάλατταν ἀγώνων ἔκρινε λαμβάνειν πεῖραν.
And when he had made himself master of the passes by land, he decided to make a trial of the contests at sea.
§11.12.2εὐθὺς οὖν τὸν ἀφηγούμενον τοῦ στόλου Μεγαβάτην προσκαλεσάμενος διεκελεύσατο πλεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ναυτικὸν καὶ πειρᾶσθαι παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ ναυμαχεῖν πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας.
Immediately, therefore, summoning Megabates, the commander of the fleet, he ordered him to sail against the naval force of the Greeks and to attempt with the entire fleet to fight a sea-battle against the Greeks.
§11.12.3ὁ δὲ ταῖς τοῦ βασιλέως παραγγελίαις ἀκολουθῶν ἐκ Πύδνης τῆς Μακεδονικῆς ἀνήχθη παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ, καὶ κατέπλευσε τῆς Μαγνησίας πρὸς ἄκραν τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Σηπιάδα.
And he, following the orders of the king, set sail with the entire fleet from Pydna in Macedonia, and came to land in Magnesia at the promontory called Sepias.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ μεγάλου πνεύματος ἐπιγενομένου ἀπέβαλε ναῦς μακρὰς μὲν ὑπὲρ τὰς τριακοσίας, ἱππαγωγοὺς δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων παμπληθεῖς.
But there, a great wind having come upon them, he lost more than three hundred long ships, and a vast number of horse-transports and other vessels.
λήξαντος δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος ἀναχθεὶς κατέπλευσεν εἰς Ἀφέτας τῆς Μαγνησίας.
And when the wind ceased, setting sail, he came to land at Aphetae in Magnesia.
ἐκεῖθεν δὲ διακοσίας τριήρεις ἐξέπεμψε, προστάξας τοῖς ἡγεμόσι περιπλεῦσαι καὶ τὴν Εὔβοιαν δεξιὰν λαβόντας κυκλώσασθαι τοὺς πολεμίους.
From there he sent out two hundred triremes, ordering the commanders to sail around, keeping Euboea on their right, and to surround the enemy.
§11.12.4οἱ δʼ Ἕλληνες ὥρμουν μὲν ἐπʼ Ἀρτεμισίῳ τῆς Εὐβοίας, εἶχον δὲ τὰς πάσας τριήρεις διακοσίας καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα· καὶ τούτων ἦσαν τῶν μὲν Ἀθηναίων ἑκατὸν καὶ τετταράκοντα, αἱ δὲ λοιπαὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων.
But the Greeks were stationed at Artemisium in Euboea, and had in all two hundred and eighty triremes; and of these, one hundred and forty belonged to the Athenians, while the rest belonged to the other Greeks.
τούτων δὲ ναύαρχος μὲν ἦν Εὐρυβιάδης ὁ Σπαρτιάτης, διῴκει δὲ τὰ περὶ τὸν στόλον Θεμιστοκλῆς ὁ Ἀθηναῖος· οὗτος γὰρ διὰ σύνεσιν καὶ στρατηγίαν μεγάλης ἀποδοχῆς ἐτύγχανεν οὐ μόνον ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὸ ναυτικὸν Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρʼ αὐτῷ τῷ Εὐρυβιάδῃ, καὶ πάντες τούτῳ προσέχοντες προθύμως ὑπήκουον.
Of these, Eurybiades the Spartan was the admiral, but Themistocles the Athenian managed the affairs of the fleet; for he, because of his intelligence and generalship, met with great acceptance not only among the Greeks of the navy, but also with Eurybiades himself, and all, paying attention to him, eagerly obeyed.
§11.12.5προτεθείσης δὲ βουλῆς ἐν τοῖς τῶν νεῶν ἡγεμόσι περὶ τῆς ναυμαχίας, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πάντες τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἔκριναν ἔχειν καὶ τὸν ἐπίπλουν τῶν πολεμίων ἀναδέχεσθαι, μόνος δὲ Θεμιστοκλῆς τὴν ἐναντίαν ἀπεφήνατο γνώμην, διδάσκων ὅτι συμφέρει παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ συντεταγμένῳ πλεῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους· οὕτω γὰρ αὐτοὺς πλεονεκτήσειν ἀθρόαις ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐπιπλέοντας τοῖς διὰ τὴν ταραχὴν διεσπασμένην ἔχουσι τὴν τάξιν, ὡς ἂν ἐκ πολλῶν καὶ διεστηκότων λιμένων ἐκπλέουσι.
And when a council was proposed among the commanders of the ships concerning the sea-battle, all the others decided to remain quiet and await the onset of the enemy, but Themistocles alone expressed the opposite opinion, showing that it was advantageous to sail against the enemy with the entire fleet drawn up in order; for in this way, he said, they would have the advantage by sailing with their ships in a body against those who had their formation scattered because of the confusion, as they would be sailing out from many and separate harbors.
τέλος δὲ κατὰ τὴν Θεμιστοκλέους κρίσιν οἱ Ἕλληνες παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐπέπλευσαν.
Finally, according to the judgment of Themistocles, the Greeks sailed against the enemy with their entire fleet.
§11.12.6τῶν δὲ βαρβάρων ἐκ πολλῶν λιμένων ἀναγομένων, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον οἱ περὶ τὸν Θεμιστοκλέα διεσπαρμένοις τοῖς Πέρσαις συμπλεκόμενοι πολλὰς μὲν ναῦς κατέδυσαν, οὐκ ὀλίγας δὲ φυγεῖν ἀναγκάσαντες μέχρι τῆς γῆς κατεδίωξαν· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα παντὸς τοῦ στόλου συναχθέντος καὶ γενομένης ναυμαχίας ἰσχυρᾶς, μέρει μὲν τῶν νεῶν ἑκάτεροι ἐπροτέρησαν, οὐδέτεροι δὲ ὁλοσχερεῖ νίκῃ πλεονεκτήσαντες νυκτὸς ἐπιλαβούσης διελύθησαν.
And while the barbarians were putting out from many harbors, at first Themistocles and his men, engaging with the scattered Persians, sank many ships, and having forced not a few to flee, pursued them as far as the land; but after this, when the entire fleet had assembled and a fierce battle took place, both sides had the advantage with a part of their ships, but neither having gained the upper hand with a decisive victory, they separated when night came on.