§3.315Πλάτων Διονυσίῳ χαίρειν
ἐπιστείλας ἆρʼ ὀρθῶς ἂν τυγχάνοιμι τῆς βελτίστης προσρήσεως;
Plato to Dionysius sends greeting. In sending this address, would I rightly hit upon the best form of salutation?
ἢ μᾶλλον κατὰ τὴν ἐμὴν συνήθειαν γράφων
εὖ πράττειν,
ὥσπερ εἴωθα ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς τοὺς φίλους προσαγορεύειν;
Or rather by writing according to my own custom "to do well", just as I am accustomed to address my friends in my letters?
σὺ μὲν γὰρ δὴ καὶ τὸν θεόν, ὡς ἤγγειλαν οἱ τότε θεωροῦντες, προσεῖπες ἐν Δελφοῖς αὐτῷ τούτῳ θωπεύσας τῷ ῥήματι, καὶ γέγραφας, ὡς φασί,
"
χαῖρε καὶ ἡδόμενον βίοτον διάσῳζε τυράννου· "
ἐγὼ δὲ οὐδὲ ἀνθρώπῳ κλήσει, μήτι δὴ θεῷ, παρακελευσαίμην ἂν δρᾶν τοῦτο, θεῷ μέν, ὅτι παρὰ φύσιν προστάττοιμʼ ἄν, πόρρω γὰρ ἡδονῆς ἵδρυται καὶ λύπης τὸ θεῖον, ἀνθρώπῳ δέ, ὅτι τὰ πολλὰ βλάβην ἡδονὴ καὶ λύπη γεννᾷ, δυσμάθειαν καὶ λήθην καὶ ἀφροσύνην καὶ ὕβριν τίκτουσα ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ.
For you indeed, as the envoys of that time reported, addressed the god in Delphi with this very word, flattering him, and wrote, as they say: "Hail, and preserve the enjoyable life of the tyrant!" But I would not exhort even a man with such a calling, let alone a god; a god indeed, because I would be commanding something contrary to nature (for the divine is established far from pleasure and pain), and a man, because pleasure and pain generate harm in most cases, producing in the soul dullness, forgetfulness, folly, and insolence.
καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως εἰρήσθω παρʼ ἐμοῦ περὶ τῆς προσρήσεως· σὺ δʼ ἀναγνοὺς αὐτά, ὅπῃ βούλει δέξασθαι, ταύτῃ δέχου.
Let this much be said by me concerning the salutation; but read it yourself and accept it in whatever way you wish.
φασὶν δʼ οὐκ ὀλίγοι λέγειν σε πρός τινας τῶν παρὰ σὲ πρεσβευόντων ὡς ἄρα σοῦ ποτε λέγοντος ἀκούσας ἐγὼ μέλλοντος τάς τε Ἑλληνίδας πόλεις ἐν Σικελίᾳ οἰκίζειν καὶ Συρακουσίους ἐπικουφίσαι, τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀντὶ τυραννίδος εἰς βασιλείαν μεταστήσαντα, ταῦτʼ ἄρα σὲ μὲν τότε διεκώλυσα, ὡς σὺ φῄς, σοῦ σφόδρα προθυμουμένου, νῦν δὲ Δίωνα διδάσκοιμι δρᾶν αὐτὰ ταῦτα, καὶ τοῖς διανοήμασιν τοῖς σοῖς τὴν σὴν ἀρχὴν ἀφαιρούμεθά σε.
Indeed, not a few people say that you tell some of those who embassy to you that you once heard me say, when you were intending to resettle the Greek cities in Sicily and relieve the Syracusans by changing the government from a tyranny to a kingship, that I then prevented you from doing so, as you say, although you were very eager, but now I am teaching Dion to do these very things, and by your own ideas we are depriving you of your dominion.
σὺ δʼ εἰ μέν τι διὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους ὠφελῇ, γιγνώσκεις αὐτός, ἀδικεῖς δʼ οὖν ἐμὲ τἀναντία τῶν γενομένων λέγων.
If you are benefited at all by these stories, you know best yourself; at all events, you wrong me by saying the opposite of what happened.
ἅδην γὰρ ὑπὸ Φιλιστίδου καὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν πρὸς τοὺς μισθοφόρους καὶ εἰς τὸ Συρακουσίων πλῆθος διεβλήθην διὰ τὸ μένειν ἐν ἀκροπόλει, τοὺς δʼ ἔξωθεν, εἴ τι γίγνοιτο ἁμάρτημα, πᾶν εἰς ἐμὲ τρέπειν, σὲ φάσκοντας πάντα ἐμοὶ πείθεσθαι.
For I was slandered enough by Philistides and many others to the mercenaries and to the multitude of the Syracusans because I remained in the acropolis, while those outside, if any mistake occurred, turned it all against me, claiming that you obeyed me in everything.
§3.316σὺ δʼ αὐτὸς οἶσθα σαφέστατα τῶν πολιτικῶν ἐμὲ σοὶ κοινῇ πραγματευσάμενον ἑκόντα ὀλίγα δὴ κατʼ ἀρχάς, ὅτε τι πλέον ποιεῖν ἂν ᾠήθην, ἄλλα τε βραχέα ἄττα καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν νόμων προοίμια σπουδάσαντα μετρίως, χωρὶς ὧν σὺ προσέγραψας ἤ τις ἕτερος· ἀκούω γὰρ ὕστερον ὑμῶν τινας αὐτὰ διασκευωρεῖν, δῆλα μὴν ἑκάτερα ἔσται τοῖς τὸ ἐμὸν ἦθος δυναμένοις κρίνειν.
But you yourself know most clearly that of political matters I took part with you willingly in only a few things at the beginning, when I thought something more could be done, and concerned myself moderately with some other brief matters and the prefaces to the laws, apart from what you or someone else added; for I hear later that some of you remodeled them, though both will be clear to those who are able to judge my character.
ἀλλʼ οὖν, ὅπερ ἀρτίως εἶπον, οὐ διαβολῆς προσδέομαι πρός τε Συρακουσίους καὶ εἰ δή τινας ἑτέρους πείθεις λέγων αὐτά, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἀπολογίας πρός τε τὴν προτέραν γενομένην διαβολὴν καὶ τὴν νῦν μετʼ ἐκείνην μείζω φυομένην καὶ σφοδροτέραν.
At all events, as I said just now, I do not need slander to the Syracusans, and if indeed you persuade any others by saying these things, but much rather defense against the former slander that occurred, and the one now growing larger and more violent after that.
πρὸς δύο δή μοι διττὰς ἀναγκαῖον ποιήσασθαι τὰς ἀπολογίας, πρῶτον μὲν ὡς εἰκότως σοι ἔφυγον κοινωνεῖν περὶ τὰ τῆς πόλεως πράγματα, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὡς οὐκ ἐμὴν ταύτην εἴρηκας συμβουλὴν οὐδὲ διακώλυσιν, μέλλοντί σοι κατοικίζειν Ἑλληνίδας πόλεις ἐμποδὼν ἐμὲ γεγενῆσθαι.
It is necessary for me to make two distinct defenses against these two charges: first, that I reasonably avoided sharing in the affairs of the city with you, and second, that you have not spoken the truth in saying that this was my advice or prevention, that I stood in your way when you were about to resettle Greek cities.
τὴν οὖν ἀρχὴν ὧν εἶπον περὶ προτέρων ἄκουε πρότερον.
Listen, therefore, first to the beginning of what I said about the former matters.
ἦλθον καλούμενος εἰς Συρακούσας ὑπό τε σοῦ καὶ Δίωνος, τοῦ μὲν δεδοκιμασμένου παρʼ ἐμοὶ καὶ ξένου πάλαι γεγονότος, ἐν ἡλικίᾳ δὲ ὄντος μέσῃ τε καὶ καθεστηκυίᾳ, ὧν δὴ παντάπασιν χρεία τοῖς νοῦν καὶ σμικρὸν κεκτημένοις, μέλλουσιν περὶ τοσούτων ὅσα ἦν τότε τὰ σὰ βουλεύεσθαι, σοῦ δὲ ὄντος μὲν σφόδρα νέου, πολλῆς δὲ ἀπειρίας οὔσης περὶ σὲ τούτων ὧν ἔμπειρον ἔδει γεγονέναι, καὶ σφόδρα ἀγνῶτος ἐμοί.
I came, being called to Syracuse by you and by Dion; the latter indeed being approved by me and having been a guest-friend of old, and being of a mature and settled age, of which those who possess even a little mind absolutely have need when they are about to deliberate on affairs as great as yours were then; while you were very young, and there was much inexperience about you in those matters in which you ought to have been experienced, and you were highly unknown to me.
τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο εἴτʼ ἄνθρωπος εἴτε θεὸς εἴτε τύχη τις μετὰ σοῦ Δίωνα ἐξέβαλεν, καὶ ἐλείφθης μόνος.
After this, whether a man or a god or some fortune in league with you cast Dion out, and you were left alone.
ἆρʼ οὖν οἴει μοι τότε πολιτικῶν εἶναι κοινωνίαν πρὸς σέ, τὸν μὲν ἔμφρονα κοινωνὸν ἀπολωλεκότι, τὸν δὲ ἄφρονα ὁρῶντι μετὰ πονηρῶν καὶ πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων καταλελειμμένον, οὐκ ἄρχοντα, οἰόμενον δʼ ἄρχειν, ὑπὸ δὲ τοιούτων ἀνθρώπων ἀρχόμενον;
Do you think, then, that I could have had any political partnership with you then, when I had lost my sensible partner, and saw the foolish one left behind in the company of many wicked men, not ruling, but thinking he ruled, while being ruled by such men?
ἐν οἷς τί χρῆν ποιεῖν ἐμέ;
In these circumstances, what was I to do?
μῶν οὐχ ὅπερ ἐποίουν ἀναγκαῖον, ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν τὰ μὲν πολιτικὰ χαίρειν ἐᾶν, εὐλαβούμενον τὰς ἐκ τῶν φθόνων διαβολάς, ὑμᾶς δὲ πάντως, καίπερ ἀλλήλων χωρὶς γεγονότας καὶ διαφόρους ὄντας, πειρᾶσθαι φίλους ἀλλήλοις ὅτι μάλιστα ποιεῖν;
Was it not necessary to do just what I did—to let political matters go as for the rest, guarding against slanders arising from envy, and to try by all means, even though you were separated from one another and at variance, to make you friends to one another as much as possible?