§12.941ΑΘ. ἐὰν ὡς πρεσβευτής τις ἢ κῆρυξ καταψευδόμενος τῆς πόλεως παραπρεσβεύηται πρός τινα πόλιν, ἢ πεμπόμενος μὴ τὰς οὔσας πρεσβείας ἐφʼ αἷς πέμπεται ἀπαγγέλλῃ, ἢ πάλιν αὖ παρὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἢ καὶ φίλων μὴ τὰ παρʼ ἐκείνων ὀρθῶς ἀποπρεσβεύσας γένηται φανερὸς ἢ κηρυκεύσας, γραφαὶ κατὰ τούτων ἔστων ὡς Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Διὸς ἀγγελίας καὶ ἐπιτάξεις παρὰ νόμον ἀσεβησάντων, τίμημα δὲ ὅτι χρὴ πάσχειν ἢ ἀποτίνειν, ἐὰν ὄφλῃ.
ATH. If anyone, as an ambassador or a herald, by lying about his city, acts falsely as an ambassador to some city, or, being sent, does not report the actual embassies for which he is sent, or again, on returning from enemies or indeed friends, is revealed not to have correctly reported the messages from them as an ambassador or a herald, let there be public indictments against these persons as having impiously acted contrary to the law against the messages and commands of Hermes and Zeus; and as for the assessment, what he must suffer or pay, let it be decided if he is convicted.
κλοπὴ μὲν χρημάτων ἀνελεύθερον, ἁρπαγὴ δὲ ἀναίσχυντον· τῶν Διὸς δὲ ὑέων οὐδεὶς οὔτε δόλοις οὔτε βίᾳ χαίρων ἐπιτετήδευκεν τούτοιν οὐδέτερον.
Theft of property is illiberal, and robbery is shameless; but none of the sons of Zeus, rejoicing either in deceits or in force, has practiced either of these.
μηδεὶς οὖν ὑπὸ ποιητῶν μηδʼ ἄλλως ὑπό τινων μυθολόγων πλημμελῶν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐξαπατώμενος ἀναπειθέσθω, καὶ κλέπτων ἢ βιαζόμενος οἰέσθω μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν ποιεῖν ἀλλʼ ἅπερ αὐτοὶ θεοὶ δρῶσιν· οὔτε γὰρ ἀληθὲς οὔτʼ εἰκός, ἀλλʼ ὅς τι δρᾷ τοιοῦτον παρανόμως, οὔτε θεὸς οὔτε παῖς ἐστίν ποτε θεῶν, ταῦτα δὲ νομοθέτῃ μᾶλλον προσήκει γιγνώσκειν ἢ ποιηταῖς σύμπασιν.
Therefore, let no one, being deceived by poets or otherwise by any mythologists who err about such things, be persuaded, and let him not, when stealing or using force, think that he is doing nothing shameful but only what the gods themselves do; for this is neither true nor likely, but whoever does such a thing contrary to the law is never either a god or a child of gods, and to know these things belongs to the legislator rather than to all the poets.
ὁ μὲν οὖν πεισθεὶς ἡμῶν τῷ λόγῳ εὐτυχεῖ τε καὶ εἰς χρόνον ἅπαντα εὐτυχοῖ, ὁ δὲ ἀπιστήσας τὸ μετὰ ταῦτα τοιῷδέ τινι μαχέσθω νόμῳ· ἐάν τίς τι κλέπτῃ δημόσιον μέγα ἢ καὶ σμικρόν, τῆς αὐτῆς δίκης δεῖ.
Now the one who is persuaded by our speech is fortunate and may he be fortunate for all time; but the one who disbelieves let him thereafter fight with such a law as this: "If anyone steals anything public, whether great or small, there is need of the same trial.
μικρόν τι γὰρ ὁ κλέπτων ἔρωτι μὲν ταὐτῷ, δυνάμει δὲ ἐλάττονι κέκλοφεν, ὅ τε τὸ μεῖζον κινῶν οὐ καταθέμενος ὅλον ἀδικεῖ· δίκης οὖν οὐδέτερον οὐδετέρου ἐλάττονος ἕνεκα μεγέθους τοῦ κλέμματος ὁ νόμος ἀξιοῖ ζημιοῦν, ἀλλὰ τῷ τὸν μὲν ἴσως ἂν ἰάσιμον ἔτʼ εἶναι, τὸν δʼ ἀνίατον.
For the one who steals a small thing does so with the same desire, but with less power, and the one who moves a greater thing, by not depositing the whole, does injustice to the whole; therefore, the law deems it right to punish neither on account of a smaller size of the theft than the other, but on the ground that the one is perhaps still curable, and the other is incurable." ATH.
§12.942ΑΘ. ξένον μὲν δὴ τῶν δημοσίων ἢ δοῦλον ἄν τίς τι κλέπτοντα ἐν δικαστηρίῳ ἕλῃ, ὡς ἰασίμῳ ἐκ τῶν εἰκότων ὄντι, τί χρὴ παθεῖν ἢ τίνα ζημίαν ἀποτίνειν αὐτὸν ἡ κρίσις γιγνέσθω· τὸν δὲ ἀστὸν καὶ τεθραμμένον ὡς ἔσται τεθραμμένος, ἂν πατρίδα συλῶν ἢ βιαζόμενος ἁλίσκηται, ἐάντʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ ἐάντε μή, σχεδὸν ὡς ἀνίατον ὄντα θανάτῳ ζημιοῦν.
If anyone convicts a stranger or a slave in court of stealing any of the public property, on the ground that he is likely curable, let the judgment be what he must suffer or what penalty he must pay; but as for the citizen who has been reared as he will have been reared, if he is convicted of plundering or forcing his fatherland, whether in the act or not, let him be punished with death on the ground that he is practically incurable.
στρατιῶν δὲ ἕνεκα πολλὴ μὲν συμβουλή, πολλοὶ δὲ νόμοι γίγνονται κατὰ τρόπον, μέγιστον δὲ τὸ μηδέποτε ἄναρχον μηδένα εἶναι, μήτʼ ἄρρενα μήτε θήλειαν, μηδέ τινος ἔθει ψυχὴν εἰθίσθαι μήτε σπουδάζοντος μήτʼ ἐν παιδιαῖς αὐτὸν ἐφʼ αὑτοῦ τι κατὰ μόνας δρᾶν, ἀλλʼ ἔν τε πολέμῳ παντὶ καὶ ἐν εἰρήνῃ πάσῃ πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα ἀεὶ βλέποντα καὶ συνεπόμενον ζῆν, καὶ τὰ βραχύταθʼ ὑπʼ ἐκείνου κυβερνώμενον, οἷον ἑστάναι θʼ ὅταν ἐπιτάττῃ τις καὶ πορεύεσθαι καὶ γυμνάζεσθαι καὶ λοῦσθαι καὶ σιτεῖσθαι καὶ ἐγείρεσθαι νύκτωρ εἴς τε φυλακὰς καὶ παραγγέλσεις, καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς κινδύνοις μήτε τινὰ διώκειν μήθʼ ὑποχωρεῖν ἄλλῳ ἄνευ τῆς τῶν ἀρχόντων δηλώσεως, ἑνί τε λόγῳ τὸ χωρίς τι τῶν ἄλλων πράττειν διδάξαι τὴν ψυχὴν ἔθεσι μήτε γιγνώσκειν μήτʼ ἐπίστασθαι τὸ παράπαν, ἀλλʼ ἁθρόον ἀεὶ καὶ ἅμα καὶ κοινὸν τὸν βίον ὅτι μάλιστα πᾶσι πάντων γίγνεσθαι—τούτου γὰρ οὔτʼ ἔστιν οὔτε ποτὲ μὴ γένηται κρεῖττον οὔτε ἄμεινον οὔτε τεχνικώτερον εἰς σωτηρίαν τὴν κατὰ πόλεμον καὶ νίκην— τοῦτο ἐν εἰρήνῃ μελετητέον εὐθὺς ἐκ τῶν παίδων, ἄρχειν τε ἄλλων ἄρχεσθαί θʼ ὑφʼ ἑτέρων· τὴν δʼ ἀναρχίαν ἐξαιρετέον ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ βίου ἁπάντων τῶν ἀνθρώπων τε καὶ τῶν ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπους θηρίων.
But for the sake of armies, much advice and many laws are appropriately made, and the greatest is that no one should ever be leaderless, neither male nor female, and that the soul of no one should be accustomed by habit to do anything on one's own by oneself, either in earnest or in play, but in every war and in all peace to live always looking to the leader and following him, and being guided by him in the smallest details, such as to stand when someone commands, and to march, and to exercise, and to bathe, and to eat, and to rise by night for guards and messages, and in the dangers themselves neither to pursue anyone nor to retreat for another without the declaration of the leaders, and in a word to teach the soul by habits neither to know nor to understand at all doing anything apart from the others, but that the life of all should always be as much as possible together and joint and common for all—for than this there is not, nor ever may there be, anything better or more excellent or more artistic for salvation in war and victory—this must be practiced in peace straight from childhood, to rule others and to be ruled by others; and leaderlessness must be removed from the entire life of all men and of the beasts under men.
καὶ δὴ καὶ χορείας πάσας εἰς τὰς ἀριστείας τὰς κατὰ πόλεμον βλεπούσας χορεύειν, καὶ ὅλην εὐκολίαν τε καὶ εὐχέρειαν ἐπιτηδεύειν τῶν αὐτῶν εἵνεκα, καρτερήσεις τε αὖ σίτων καὶ ποτῶν καὶ χειμώνων καὶ τῶν ἐναντίων καὶ κοίτης σκληρᾶς, καὶ τὸ μέγιστον, τὴν τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ ποδῶν δύναμιν μὴ διαφθείρειν τῇ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων σκεπασμάτων περικαλυφῇ, τὴν τῶν οἰκείων ἀπολλύντας πίλων τε καὶ ὑποδημάτων γένεσιν καὶ φύσιν·
And indeed, all dances must be danced with a view to the excellences in war, and all agility and dexterity must be practiced for the sake of the same things, and again endurance of food and drink and winters and their opposites and hard bedding, and the greatest, not to destroy the power of the head and feet by the covering of external wraps, losing the generation and nature of their own felt caps and shoes.