§112ΚΡΙ. πρῶτον μὲν τὸ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως εἶχε τότε οὐχ ὡς τὰ νῦν ἔχει.
Critias: First, the state of the acropolis at that time was not as it is now.
νῦν μὲν γὰρ μία γενομένη νὺξ ὑγρὰ διαφερόντως γῆς αὐτὴν ψιλὴν περιτήξασα πεποίηκε, σεισμῶν ἅμα καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος φθορᾶς τρίτου πρότερον ὕδατος ἐξαισίου γενομένου·
For now, a single night of extraordinary wetness, having washed away the soil all around, has made it bare of earth, at the same time as earthquakes and a third extraordinary flood of water prior to the destruction in the time of Deucalion having occurred.
τὸ δὲ πρὶν ἐν ἑτέρῳ χρόνῳ μέγεθος μὲν ἦν πρὸς τὸν Ἠριδανὸν καὶ τὸν Ἰλισὸν ἀποβεβηκυῖα καὶ περιειληφυῖα ἐντὸς τὴν Πύκνα καὶ τὸν Λυκαβηττὸν ὅρον ἐκ τοῦ καταντικρὺ τῆς Πυκνὸς ἔχουσα, γεώδης δʼ ἦν πᾶσα καὶ πλὴν ὀλίγον ἐπίπεδος ἄνωθεν.
But before, in another time, in size it extended to the Eridanus and the Ilisus, and enclosed the Pnyx within, having the Lycabettus as its boundary on the side opposite the Pnyx; and it was entirely covered with soil, and, except for a small part, flat on top.
ᾠκεῖτο δὲ τὰ μὲν ἔξωθεν, ὑπʼ αὐτὰ τὰ πλάγια αὐτῆς, ὑπὸ τῶν δημιουργῶν καὶ τῶν γεωργῶν ὅσοι πλησίον ἐγεώργουν· τὰ δʼ ἐπάνω τὸ μάχιμον αὐτὸ καθʼ αὑτὸ μόνον γένος περὶ τὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς Ἡφαίστου τε ἱερὸν κατῳκήκειν, οἷον μιᾶς οἰκίας κῆπον ἑνὶ περιβόλῳ προσπεριβεβλημένοι.
And on the outside, just under its slopes, it was inhabited by the craftsmen and those of the husbandmen who farmed nearby; but on the top, the warrior class itself by itself alone had settled around the temple of Athena and Hephaestus, enclosed as it were by a single enclosure like the garden of a single house.
τὰ γὰρ πρόσβορρα αὐτῆς ᾤκουν οἰκίας κοινὰς καὶ συσσίτια χειμερινὰ κατασκευασάμενοι, καὶ πάντα ὅσα πρέποντʼ ἦν τῇ κοινῇ πολιτείᾳ διʼ οἰκοδομήσεων ὑπάρχειν αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν, ἄνευ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου—τούτοις γὰρ οὐδὲν οὐδαμόσε προσεχρῶντο, ἀλλὰ τὸ μέσον ὑπερηφανίας καὶ ἀνελευθερίας μεταδιώκοντες κοσμίας ᾠκοδομοῦντο οἰκήσεις, ἐν αἷς αὐτοί τε καὶ ἐκγόνων ἔκγονοι καταγηρῶντες ἄλλοις ὁμοίοις τὰς αὐτὰς ἀεὶ παρεδίδοσαν—τὰ δὲ πρὸς νότου, κήπους καὶ γυμνάσια συσσίτιά τε ἀνέντες οἷα θέρους, κατεχρῶντο ἐπὶ ταῦτα αὐτοῖς.
For they dwelt on its northern side, having constructed common houses and winter mess-rooms, and all things that were fitting for their common polity to exist by way of buildings for themselves and the temples, without gold and silver—for they made no use of these anywhere at all, but pursuing the middle course between arrogance and illiberality, they built orderly dwellings, in which they themselves and their children's children grew old, always handing them down to others like themselves in the same state—and as for the southern parts, having set them apart for gardens and gymnasia and summer mess-rooms, they made use of them for these purposes.
κρήνη δʼ ἦν μία κατὰ τὸν τῆς νῦν ἀκροπόλεως τόπον, ἧς ἀποσβεσθείσης ὑπὸ τῶν σεισμῶν τὰ νῦν νάματα μικρὰ κύκλῳ καταλέλειπται, τοῖς δὲ τότε πᾶσιν παρεῖχεν ἄφθονον ῥεῦμα, εὐκρὰς οὖσα πρὸς χειμῶνά τε καὶ θέρος.
And there was a single spring in the place of the present acropolis, which having been choked up by the earthquakes, only small trickles are now left around, but to the people of that time it provided an abundant flow, being well-tempered both for winter and summer.
τούτῳ δὴ κατῴκουν τῷ σχήματι, τῶν μὲν αὑτῶν πολιτῶν φύλακες, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων ἡγεμόνες ἑκόντων, πλῆθος δὲ διαφυλάττοντες ὅτι μάλιστα ταὐτὸν αὑτῶν εἶναι πρὸς τὸν ἀεὶ χρόνον ἀνδρῶν καὶ γυναικῶν, τὸ δυνατὸν πολεμεῖν ἤδη καὶ τὸ ἔτι, περὶ δύο μάλιστα ὄντας μυριάδας.
In this fashion, then, they dwelt, being guardians of their own citizens, and leaders of the other Greeks by their own consent, keeping the number of themselves as much as possible the same for all time, of men and women who were already or still able to fight, being about twenty thousand.
οὗτοι μὲν οὖν δὴ τοιοῦτοί τε ὄντες αὐτοὶ καί τινα τοιοῦτον ἀεὶ τρόπον τήν τε αὑτῶν καὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα δίκῃ διοικοῦντες, ἐπὶ πᾶσαν Εὐρώπην καὶ Ἀσίαν κατά τε σωμάτων κάλλη καὶ κατὰ τὴν τῶν ψυχῶν παντοίαν ἀρετὴν ἐλλόγιμοί τε ἦσαν καὶ ὀνομαστότατοι πάντων τῶν τότε·
These men, then, being of such a character and always administering both their own land and Greece in justice in some such way, were famous throughout all Europe and Asia both for the beauty of their bodies and for the manifold virtue of their souls, and were the most renowned of all people of that time.
τὰ δὲ δὴ τῶν ἀντιπολεμησάντων αὐτοῖς οἷα ἦν ὥς τε ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἐγένετο, μνήμης ἂν μὴ στερηθῶμεν ὧν ἔτι παῖδες ὄντες ἠκούσαμεν, εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτὰ νῦν ἀποδώσομεν ὑμῖν τοῖς φίλοις εἶναι κοινά.
And as for the affairs of those who fought against them, what they were like and how they came about from the beginning, if we are not deprived of the memory of what we heard when we were still children, we will now bring them into the midst to be common to you, our friends.
§113ΚΡΙ. τὸ δʼ ἔτι βραχὺ πρὸ τοῦ λόγου δεῖ δηλῶσαι, μὴ πολλάκις ἀκούοντες Ἑλληνικὰ βαρβάρων ἀνδρῶν ὀνόματα θαυμάζητε· τὸ γὰρ αἴτιον αὐτῶν πεύσεσθε.
Critias: But there is still a small matter before the discourse that must be explained, lest you should wonder at hearing Greek names of barbarian men so often; for you shall learn the cause of them.
Σόλων, ἅτʼ ἐπινοῶν εἰς τὴν αὑτοῦ ποίησιν καταχρήσασθαι τῷ λόγῳ, διαπυνθανόμενος τὴν τῶν ὀνομάτων δύναμιν, ηὗρεν τούς τε Αἰγυπτίους τοὺς πρώτους ἐκείνους αὐτὰ γραψαμένους εἰς τὴν αὑτῶν φωνὴν μετενηνοχότας, αὐτός τε αὖ πάλιν ἑκάστου τὴν διάνοιαν ὀνόματος ἀναλαμβάνων εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν ἄγων φωνὴν ἀπεγράφετο·
Solon, intending to use the story for his own poetry, inquiring into the meaning of the names, found that those earliest Egyptians who wrote them down had transferred them into their own tongue, and he himself in turn, taking up the meaning of each name, translated it into our tongue and wrote it down.
καὶ ταῦτά γε δὴ τὰ γράμματα παρὰ τῷ πάππῳ τʼ ἦν καὶ ἔτʼ ἐστὶν παρʼ ἐμοὶ νῦν, διαμεμελέτηταί τε ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ παιδὸς ὄντος.
And these writings indeed were with my grandfather and are still with me now, and they have been thoroughly studied by me when I was a child.
ἂν οὖν ἀκούητε τοιαῦτα οἷα καὶ τῇδε ὀνόματα, μηδὲν ὑμῖν ἔστω θαῦμα· τὸ γὰρ αἴτιον αὐτῶν ἔχετε.
Therefore, if you hear such names as exist also here, let it be no wonder to you; for you have the cause of them.
μακροῦ δὲ δὴ λόγου τοιάδε τις ἦν ἀρχὴ τότε.
And of the long story, such was the beginning at that time.
καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν ἐλέχθη περὶ τῆς τῶν θεῶν λήξεως, ὅτι κατενείμαντο γῆν πᾶσαν ἔνθα μὲν μείζους λήξεις, ἔνθα δὲ καὶ ἐλάττους, ἱερὰ θυσίας τε αὑτοῖς κατασκευάζοντες, οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὴν νῆσον Ποσειδῶν τὴν Ἀτλαντίδα λαχὼν ἐκγόνους αὑτοῦ κατῴκισεν ἐκ θνητῆς γυναικὸς γεννήσας ἔν τινι τόπῳ τοιῷδε τῆς νήσου.
Just as was said before concerning the allotment of the gods, that they distributed the whole earth, some getting larger allotments, some smaller, establishing temples and sacrifices for themselves, so also Poseidon, having obtained the island of Atlantis as his allotment, settled his descendants born of a mortal woman in a certain place of the island of such a kind.
πρὸς θαλάττης μέν, κατὰ δὲ μέσον πάσης πεδίον ἦν, ὃ δὴ πάντων πεδίων κάλλιστον ἀρετῇ τε ἱκανὸν γενέσθαι λέγεται, πρὸς τῷ πεδίῳ δὲ αὖ κατὰ μέσον σταδίους ὡς πεντήκοντα ἀφεστὸς ἦν ὄρος βραχὺ πάντῃ.
Near the sea, but in the middle of the whole island, there was a plain, which indeed is said to have been the most beautiful of all plains and sufficient in fertility; and near the plain again, in the middle, at a distance of about fifty stades, there was a mountain low on all sides.
τούτῳ δʼ ἦν ἔνοικος τῶν ἐκεῖ κατὰ ἀρχὰς ἐκ γῆς ἀνδρῶν γεγονότων Εὐήνωρ μὲν ὄνομα, γυναικὶ δὲ συνοικῶν Λευκίππῃ· Κλειτὼ δὲ μονογενῆ θυγατέρα ἐγεννησάσθην.
And on this there dwelt one of the men born of the earth there in the beginning, Evenor by name, living with his wife Leucippe; and they begot an only daughter, Cleito.
ἤδη δʼ εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἡκούσης τῆς κόρης ἥ τε μήτηρ τελευτᾷ καὶ ὁ πατήρ, αὐτῆς δὲ εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν Ποσειδῶν ἐλθὼν συμμείγνυται, καὶ τὸν γήλοφον, ἐν ᾧ κατῴκιστο, ποιῶν εὐερκῆ περιρρήγνυσιν κύκλῳ, θαλάττης γῆς τε ἐναλλὰξ ἐλάττους μείζους τε περὶ ἀλλήλους ποιῶν τροχούς, δύο μὲν γῆς, θαλάττης δὲ τρεῖς οἷον τορνεύων ἐκ μέσης τῆς νήσου, πάντῃ ἴσον ἀφεστῶτας, ὥστε ἄβατον ἀνθρώποις εἶναι· πλοῖα γὰρ καὶ τὸ πλεῖν οὔπω τότε ἦν.
And when the maiden had already reached the age for a husband, both her mother and her father died; and Poseidon, having conceived a desire for her, united with her, and making the hill on which she was settled well-fortified, he broke it off all around, making alternate zones of sea and land, some smaller, some larger, around one another, turning as it were two of land and three of sea out of the middle of the island, at equal distances on all sides, so that it was inaccessible to men; for ships and sailing did not yet exist at that time.
αὐτὸς δὲ τήν τε ἐν μέσῳ νῆσον οἷα δὴ θεὸς εὐμαρῶς διεκόσμησεν, ὕδατα μὲν διττὰ ὑπὸ γῆς ἄνω πηγαῖα κομίσας, τὸ μὲν θερμόν, ψυχρὸν δὲ ἐκ κρήνης ἀπορρέον ἕτερον, τροφὴν δὲ παντοίαν καὶ ἱκανὴν ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἀναδιδούς.
And he himself, as a god, easily adorned the island in the middle, bringing up two springs of water from under the earth, one hot and the other flowing cold from a fountain, and causing food of all kinds and in abundance to spring up from the earth.