§108ΚΡΙ. ταῦτα δὴ βουλόμενος ὑμᾶς ὑπομνῆσαι, καὶ τὸ τῆς συγγνώμης οὐκ ἔλαττον ἀλλὰ μεῖζον αἰτῶν περὶ τῶν μελλόντων ῥηθήσεσθαι, πάντα ταῦτα εἴρηκα, ὦ Σώκρατες.
Critias: Wishing to remind you of these things, Socrates, and requesting not less but greater indulgence concerning the things about to be said, I have spoken all these things.
εἰ δὴ δικαίως αἰτεῖν φαίνομαι τὴν δωρεάν, ἑκόντες δίδοτε.
If indeed I seem to request the gift justly, grant it willingly.
ΣΩ. τί δʼ οὐ μέλλομεν, ὦ Κριτία, διδόναι;
Socrates: And why, Critias, should we not grant it?
καὶ πρός γε ἔτι τρίτῳ δεδόσθω ταὐτὸν τοῦτο Ἑρμοκράτει παρʼ ἡμῶν.
And furthermore, let this same thing be granted by us to Hermocrates as the third.
δῆλον γὰρ ὡς ὀλίγον ὕστερον, ὅταν αὐτὸν δέῃ λέγειν, παραιτήσεται καθάπερ ὑμεῖς·
For it is clear that a little later, when it is necessary for him to speak, he will request indulgence just as you did.
ἵνʼ οὖν ἑτέραν ἀρχὴν ἐκπορίζηται καὶ μὴ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀναγκασθῇ λέγειν, ὡς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτῷ συγγνώμης εἰς τότε οὕτω λεγέτω.
Therefore, so that he may provide himself with another beginning and not be forced to say the same, let him speak thus on the assumption that indulgence is already available to him for that time.
προλέγω γε μήν, ὦ φίλε Κριτία, σοὶ τὴν τοῦ θεάτρου διάνοιαν, ὅτι θαυμαστῶς ὁ πρότερος ηὐδοκίμηκεν ἐν αὐτῷ ποιητής, ὥστε τῆς συγγνώμης δεήσει τινός σοι παμπόλλης, εἰ μέλλεις αὐτὰ δυνατὸς γενέσθαι παραλαβεῖν.
I forewarn you, however, dear Critias, of the mind of the audience, that the previous poet won wonderful acclaim among them, so that you will need some very great indulgence if you are to be able to take over his task.
ΕΡ. ταὐτὸν μήν, ὦ Σώκρατες, κἀμοὶ παραγγέλλεις ὅπερ τῷδε.
Hermocrates: Indeed, Socrates, you charge me with the very same thing as him.
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀθυμοῦντες ἄνδρες οὔπω τρόπαιον ἔστησαν, ὦ Κριτία· προϊέναι τε οὖν ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον ἀνδρείως χρή, καὶ τὸν Παίωνά τε καὶ τὰς μούσας ἐπικαλούμενον τοὺς παλαιοὺς πολίτας ἀγαθοὺς ὄντας ἀναφαίνειν τε καὶ ὑμνεῖν.
But indeed, Critias, disheartened men have never yet set up a trophy; therefore, one must advance to the discourse courageously, and, invoking both Paeon and the Muses, reveal and sing of the ancient citizens who were good.
ΚΡΙ. ὦ φίλε Ἑρμόκρατες, τῆς ὑστέρας τεταγμένος, ἐπίπροσθεν ἔχων ἄλλον, ἔτι θαρρεῖς.
Critias: Dear Hermocrates, you who are stationed in the rear, having another in front of you, are still courageous.
τοῦτο μὲν οὖν οἷόν ἐστιν, αὐτό σοι τάχα δηλώσει·
However, what this is like, the event itself will soon show you.
παραμυθουμένῳ δʼ οὖν καὶ παραθαρρύνοντί σοι πειστέον, καὶ πρὸς οἷς θεοῖς εἶπες τούς τε ἄλλους κλητέον καὶ δὴ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα Μνημοσύνην.
But nevertheless, I must obey you who console and encourage me, and, in addition to the gods you mentioned, we must invoke the others, and especially, above all, Mnemosyne.
σχεδὸν γὰρ τὰ μέγιστα ἡμῖν τῶν λόγων ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ θεῷ πάντʼ ἐστίν· μνησθέντες γὰρ ἱκανῶς καὶ ἀπαγγείλαντες τά ποτε ῥηθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ δεῦρο ὑπὸ Σόλωνος κομισθέντα σχεδὸν οἶδʼ ὅτι τῷδε τῷ θεάτρῳ δόξομεν τὰ προσήκοντα μετρίως ἀποτετελεκέναι.
For almost all the most important parts of our discourses depend on this goddess; for if we sufficiently remember and report the things once spoken by the priests and brought here by Solon, I know well enough that we shall seem to this audience to have completed our proper task moderately.
τοῦτʼ οὖν αὔτʼ ἤδη δραστέον, καὶ μελλητέον οὐδὲν ἔτι.
This, then, must be done now, and there must be no more delay.
πάντων δὴ πρῶτον μνησθῶμεν ὅτι τὸ κεφάλαιον ἦν ἐνακισχίλια ἔτη, ἀφʼ οὗ γεγονὼς ἐμηνύθη πόλεμος τοῖς θʼ ὑπὲρ Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσιν καὶ τοῖς ἐντὸς πᾶσιν· ὃν δεῖ νῦν διαπεραίνειν.
First of all, let us remember that the main point was that nine thousand years had passed since the war was reported to have arisen between those dwelling outside beyond the pillars of Heracles and all those within; which war we must now describe to the end.
τῶν μὲν οὖν ἥδε ἡ πόλις ἄρξασα καὶ πάντα τὸν πόλεμον διαπολεμήσασα ἐλέγετο, τῶν δʼ οἱ τῆς Ἀτλαντίδος νήσου βασιλῆς, ἣν δὴ Λιβύης καὶ Ἀσίας μείζω νῆσον οὖσαν ἔφαμεν εἶναί ποτε, νῦν δὲ ὑπὸ σεισμῶν δῦσαν ἄπορον πηλὸν τοῖς ἐνθένδε ἐκπλέουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ πᾶν πέλαγος, ὥστε μηκέτι πορεύεσθαι, κωλυτὴν παρασχεῖν.
On the one side, this city was said to have led and fought the war through to the end, and on the other, the kings of the island of Atlantis, which, as we said, was once an island larger than Libya and Asia, but now, having sunk because of earthquakes, has produced an impassable mud that acts as a barrier to those sailing from here into the open sea, so that they can no longer make their way.
§109ΚΡΙ. τὰ μὲν δὴ πολλὰ ἔθνη βάρβαρα, καὶ ὅσα Ἑλλήνων ἦν γένη τότε, καθʼ ἕκαστα ἡ τοῦ λόγου διέξοδος οἷον ἀνειλλομένη τὸ προστυχὸν ἑκασταχοῦ δηλώσει·
Critias: As for the many barbarian nations and all the races of Greeks that existed then, the course of our discourse, unfolding as it were, will reveal what we meet in each place.
τὸ δὲ Ἀθηναίων τε τῶν τότε καὶ τῶν ἐναντίων, οἷς διεπολέμησαν, ἀνάγκη κατʼ ἀρχὰς διελθεῖν πρῶτα, τήν τε δύναμιν ἑκατέρων καὶ τὰς πολιτείας.
But concerning the Athenians of that time and their opponents with whom they fought, it is necessary to go through first, at the beginning, the power of both and their polities.
αὐτῶν δὲ τούτων τὰ τῇδε ἔμπροσθεν προτιμητέον εἰπεῖν.
And of these, we must prefer to speak first of the things here.
θεοὶ γὰρ ἅπασαν γῆν ποτε κατὰ τοὺς τόπους διελάγχανον—οὐ κατʼ ἔριν· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ὀρθὸν ἔχοι λόγον θεοὺς ἀγνοεῖν τὰ πρέποντα ἑκάστοις αὑτῶν, οὐδʼ αὖ γιγνώσκοντας τὸ μᾶλλον ἄλλοις προσῆκον τοῦτο ἑτέρους αὑτοῖς διʼ ἐρίδων ἐπιχειρεῖν κτᾶσθαι—δίκης δὴ κλήροις τὸ φίλον λαγχάνοντες κατῴκιζον τὰς χώρας, καὶ κατοικίσαντες, οἷον νομῆς ποίμνια, κτήματα καὶ θρέμματα ἑαυτῶν ἡμᾶς ἔτρεφον, πλὴν οὐ σώμασι σώματα βιαζόμενοι, καθάπερ ποιμένες κτήνη πληγῇ νέμοντες, ἀλλʼ ᾗ μάλιστα εὔστροφον ζῷον, ἐκ πρύμνης ἀπευθύνοντες, οἷον οἴακι πειθοῖ ψυχῆς ἐφαπτόμενοι κατὰ τὴν αὐτῶν διάνοιαν, οὕτως ἄγοντες τὸ θνητὸν πᾶν ἐκυβέρνων.
For once the gods portioned out the whole earth among themselves by places—not by strife; for it would not be reasonable for the gods to be ignorant of what is fitting for each of them, nor again, knowing what belongs more to others, to attempt to acquire this for themselves through strife—obtaining by the lots of justice what was dear to them, they settled the countries, and having settled them, they nurtured us as their possessions and nursed creatures, just as shepherds do their flocks, except not by forcing bodies with bodies, in the manner of shepherds pasturing beasts with blows, but in the way that an animal is most steerable, directing it from the stern, grasping the soul as if with a rudder of persuasion according to their own mind, they thus led and steered all mortal kind.
ἄλλοι μὲν οὖν κατʼ ἄλλους τόπους κληρουχήσαντες θεῶν ἐκεῖνα ἐκόσμουν, Ἥφαιστος δὲ κοινὴν καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ φύσιν ἔχοντες, ἅμα μὲν ἀδελφὴν ἐκ ταὐτοῦ πατρός, ἅμα δὲ φιλοσοφίᾳ φιλοτεχνίᾳ τε ἐπὶ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐλθόντες, οὕτω μίαν ἄμφω λῆξιν τήνδε τὴν χώραν εἰλήχατον ὡς οἰκείαν καὶ πρόσφορον ἀρετῇ καὶ φρονήσει πεφυκυῖαν, ἄνδρας δὲ ἀγαθοὺς ἐμποιήσαντες αὐτόχθονας ἐπὶ νοῦν ἔθεσαν τὴν τῆς πολιτείας τάξιν·
Now, while the other gods, having obtained their allotments in different places, adorned those parts, Hephaestus and Athena, having a common nature—both being sister and brother from the same father, and having arrived at the same pursuits in philosophy and craftsmanship—thus obtained this land together as their single allotment, as a place naturally akin and favorable to virtue and wisdom. Having produced good, indigenous men, they set in their minds the order of the polity.
ὧν τὰ μὲν ὀνόματα σέσωται, τὰ δὲ ἔργα διὰ τὰς τῶν παραλαμβανόντων φθορὰς καὶ τὰ μήκη τῶν χρόνων ἠφανίσθη.
The names of these men have been preserved, but their deeds have vanished because of the destructions of those who succeeded them and the length of time.
τὸ γὰρ περιλειπόμενον ἀεὶ γένος, ὥσπερ καὶ πρόσθεν ἐρρήθη, κατελείπετο ὄρειον καὶ ἀγράμματον, τῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ δυναστῶν τὰ ὀνόματα ἀκηκοὸς μόνον καὶ βραχέα πρὸς αὐτοῖς τῶν ἔργων.
For the race that was always left behind, as was said before, was left mountainous and illiterate, having only heard the names of the rulers in the country and few of their deeds.
τὰ μὲν οὖν ὀνόματα τοῖς ἐκγόνοις ἐτίθεντο ἀγαπῶντες, τὰς δὲ ἀρετὰς καὶ τοὺς νόμους τῶν ἔμπροσθεν οὐκ εἰδότες, εἰ μὴ σκοτεινὰς περὶ ἑκάστων τινὰς ἀκοάς, ἐν ἀπορίᾳ δὲ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐπὶ πολλὰς γενεὰς ὄντες αὐτοὶ καὶ παῖδες, πρὸς οἷς ἠπόρουν τὸν νοῦν ἔχοντες, τούτων πέρι καὶ τοὺς λόγους ποιούμενοι, τῶν ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν καὶ πάλαι ποτὲ γεγονότων ἠμέλουν.
So they gave the names to their offspring because they loved them, but they did not know the virtues and laws of those before them, except for some obscure rumors about each, and being in want of necessary things for many generations, both they and their children turned their minds to what they lacked, making their discourses about these things, and neglected the things that had occurred in the past and long ago.