§157πάντα γὰρ ἔφη ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ὡρμῆσθαι καὶ τὰ κακὰ καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῷ σώματι καὶ παντὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐπιρρεῖν ὥσπερ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐπὶ τὰ ὄμματα·
"For," he said, "all things start from the soul, both the bad and the good, for the body and for the whole man, and flow from there just as from the head to the eyes.
δεῖν οὖν ἐκεῖνο καὶ πρῶτον καὶ μάλιστα θεραπεύειν, εἰ μέλλει καὶ τὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ τὰ τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος καλῶς ἔχειν. θεραπεύεσθαι δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν ἔφη, ὦ μακάριε, ἐπῳδαῖς τισιν, τὰς δʼ ἐπῳδὰς ταύτας τοὺς λόγους εἶναι τοὺς καλούς· ἐκ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων λόγων ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς σωφροσύνην ἐγγίγνεσθαι, ἧς ἐγγενομένης καὶ παρούσης ῥᾴδιον ἤδη εἶναι τὴν ὑγίειαν καὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ τῷ ἄλλῳ σώματι πορίζειν. διδάσκων οὖν με τό τε φάρμακον καὶ τὰς ἐπῳδάς,
ὅπως,
ἔφη,
τῷ φαρμάκῳ τούτῳ μηδείς σε πείσει τὴν αὑτοῦ κεφαλὴν θεραπεύειν, ὃς ἂν μὴ τὴν ψυχὴν πρῶτον παράσχῃ τῇ ἐπῳδῇ ὑπὸ σοῦ θεραπευθῆναι.
Therefore, one must treat that part first and most of all, if the things of the head and of the rest of the body are also to be well." And he said, "my happy friend, the soul is treated with certain charms, and these charms are beautiful speeches; and from such speeches temperance is generated in souls, which, when generated and present, makes it easy then to provide health both to the head and to the rest of the body." So, while teaching me the medicine and the charms, he said, "Let no one persuade you to treat his head with this medicine who does not first provide his soul to be treated by you with the charm.
καὶ γὰρ νῦν,
ἔφη,
τοῦτʼ ἔστιν τὸ ἁμάρτημα περὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ὅτι χωρὶς ἑκατέρου, σωφροσύνης τε καὶ ὑγιείας, ἰατροί τινες ἐπιχειροῦσιν εἶναι· καί μοι πάνυ σφόδρα ἐνετέλλετο μήτε πλούσιον οὕτω μηδένα εἶναι μήτε γενναῖον μήτε καλόν, ὃς ἐμὲ πείσει ἄλλως ποιεῖν.
For indeed now," he said, "this is the error among men, that some attempt to be physicians of each separately, of temperance and of health." And he charged me very strongly that no one should be so rich or noble or beautiful as to persuade me to do otherwise.
ἐγὼ οὖν—ὀμώμοκα γὰρ αὐτῷ, καί μοι ἀνάγκη πείθεσθαι—πείσομαι οὖν, καὶ σοί, ἐὰν μὲν βούλῃ κατὰ τὰς τοῦ ξένου ἐντολὰς τὴν ψυχὴν πρῶτον παρασχεῖν ἐπᾷσαι ταῖς τοῦ Θρᾳκὸς ἐπῳδαῖς, προσοίσω τὸ φάρμακον τῇ κεφαλῇ· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιμεν ὅτι ποιοῖμέν σοι, ὦ φίλε Χαρμίδη. ἀκούσας οὖν μου ὁ Κριτίας ταῦτʼ εἰπόντος, Ἕρμαιον, ἔφη, ὦ Σώκρατες, γεγονὸς ἂν εἴη ἡ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀσθένεια τῷ νεανίσκῳ, εἰ ἀναγκασθήσεται καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν διὰ τὴν κεφαλὴν βελτίων γενέσθαι.
"I, therefore—for I have sworn to him, and it is necessary for me to obey—will obey him; and for you, if you are willing to provide your soul first to be chanted over with the charms of the Thracian according to the stranger's commands, I will apply the medicine to your head; but if not, we would not know what to do for you, my dear Charmides." When Critias heard me say these things, he said, "Socrates, the illness of the head would be a stroke of luck for the youth, if he is to be compelled to become better in his mind also on account of his head.
λέγω μέντοι σοι ὅτι Χαρμίδης τῶν ἡλικιωτῶν οὐ μόνον τῇ ἰδέᾳ δοκεῖ διαφέρειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῷ τούτῳ, οὗ σὺ φῂς τὴν ἐπῳδὴν ἔχειν· φῂς δὲ σωφροσύνης· ἦ γάρ; πάνυ γε, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ.
However, I tell you that Charmides seems to surpass his contemporaries not only in his appearance, but also in this very thing of which you say you have the charm; you say it is temperance, do you not?" "Quite so," I said.
εὖ τοίνυν ἴσθι, ἔφη, ὅτι πάνυ πολὺ δοκεῖ σωφρονέστατος εἶναι τῶν νυνί, καὶ τἆλλα πάντα, εἰς ὅσον ἡλικίας ἥκει, οὐδενὸς χείρων ὤν. καὶ γάρ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, καὶ δίκαιον, ὦ Χαρμίδη, διαφέρειν σε τῶν ἄλλων πᾶσιν τοῖς τοιούτοις· οὐ γὰρ οἶμαι ἄλλον οὐδένα τῶν ἐνθάδε ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἔχειν ἐπιδεῖξαι ποῖαι δύο οἰκίαι συνελθοῦσαι εἰς ταὐτὸν τῶν Ἀθήνησιν ἐκ τῶν εἰκότων καλλίω ἂν καὶ ἀμείνω γεννήσειαν ἢ ἐξ ὧν σὺ γέγονας.
"Know well, then," he said, "that he seems to be by far the most temperate of those now alive, and in all other things he is second to none as far as his age goes." "Indeed, Charmides," I said, "it is also right for you to surpass others in all such things; for I do not think anyone else of those here could easily show what two families, coming together into the same, would be likely to produce a more beautiful and better offspring among those in Athens than those from which you have sprung."