§121ΑΛ. καὶ γὰρ τὸ ἡμέτερον, ὦ Σώκρατες, εἰς Εὐρυσάκη, τὸ δʼ Εὐρυσάκους εἰς Δία.
ALCIBIADES: For our family too, Socrates, goes back to Eurysaces, and that of Eurysaces to Zeus.
ΣΩ. καὶ γὰρ τὸ ἡμέτερον, ὦ γενναῖε Ἀλκιβιάδη, εἰς Δαίδαλον, ὁ δὲ Δαίδαλος εἰς Ἥφαιστον τὸν Διός.
SOCRATES: Yes, and ours too, noble Alcibiades, goes back to Daedalus, and Daedalus to Hephaestus, the son of Zeus.
ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν τούτων ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἀρξάμενα βασιλῆς εἰσιν ἐκ βασιλέων μέχρι Διός, οἱ μὲν Ἄργους τε καὶ Λακεδαίμονος, οἱ δὲ τῆς Περσίδος τὸ ἀεί, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας, ὥσπερ καὶ νῦν· ἡμεῖς δὲ αὐτοί τε ἰδιῶται καὶ οἱ πατέρες.
But the lineage of those kings, starting from themselves, consists of kings descended from kings all the way to Zeus; some of Argos and Lacedaemon, others of Persia forever, and often of Asia too, as indeed is the case now; whereas we ourselves and our fathers are private citizens.
εἰ δὲ καὶ τοὺς προγόνους σε δέοι καὶ τὴν πατρίδα Εὐρυσάκους ἐπιδεῖξαι Σαλαμῖνα ἢ τὴν Αἰακοῦ τοῦ ἔτι προτέρου Αἴγιναν Ἀρτοξέρξῃ τῷ Ξέρξου, πόσον ἂν οἴει γέλωτα ὀφλεῖν;
If you had to display your ancestors and the homeland of Eurysaces, which is Salamis, or that of Aegina, the home of the still earlier Aeacus, to Artaxerxes son of Xerxes, how much laughter do you think you would incur?
ἀλλʼ ὅρα μὴ τοῦ τε γένους ὄγκῳ ἐλαττώμεθα τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ τροφῇ.
But beware lest we are inferior to those men both in the grandeur of our birth and in our general upbringing.
ἢ οὐκ ᾔσθησαι τοῖς τε Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεῦσιν ὡς μεγάλα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, ὧν αἱ γυναῖκες δημοσίᾳ φυλάττονται ὑπὸ τῶν ἐφόρων, ὅπως εἰς δύναμιν μὴ λάθῃ ἐξ ἄλλου γενόμενος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἢ ἐξ Ἡρακλειδῶν;
Or have you not noticed how great are the possessions belonging to the kings of Lacedaemon, whose wives are publicly guarded by the ephors, so that as far as possible the king might not be born undetected from anyone other than the Heracleidae?
ὁ δὲ Περσῶν τοσοῦτον ὑπερβάλλει, ὥστʼ οὐδεὶς ὑποψίαν ἔχει ὡς ἐξ ἄλλου ἂν βασιλεὺς γένοιτο ἢ ἐξ αὐτοῦ· διὸ οὐ φρουρεῖται ἡ βασιλέως γυνὴ ἀλλʼ ἢ ὑπὸ φόβου.
But the king of the Persians so far surpasses this that no one has any suspicion that a king could be born from anyone other than himself; therefore the wife of the king is guarded by nothing except fear.
ἐπειδὰν δὲ γένηται ὁ παῖς ὁ πρεσβύτατος, οὗπερ ἡ ἀρχή, πρῶτον μὲν ἑορτάζουσι πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ βασιλέως, ὧν ἂν ἄρχῃ, εἶτα εἰς τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ βασιλέως γενέθλια πᾶσα θύει καὶ ἑορτάζει ἡ Ἀσία· ἡμῶν δὲ γενομένων, τὸ τοῦ κωμῳδοποιοῦ, οὐδʼ οἱ γείτονες σφόδρα τι αἰσθάνονται, ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη.
And when the eldest son is born, to whom the rule belongs, first of all everyone in the king's empire over whom he rules celebrates, and thereafter for the rest of time on this day all Asia sacrifices and celebrates the king's birthday; but when we are born, as the comic poet says, not even the neighbors notice it much, Alcibiades.
μετὰ τοῦτο τρέφεται ὁ παῖς, οὐχ ὑπὸ γυναικὸς τροφοῦ ὀλίγου ἀξίας, ἀλλʼ ὑπʼ εὐνούχων οἳ ἂν δοκῶσιν τῶν περὶ βασιλέα ἄριστοι εἶναι· οἷς τά τε ἄλλα προστέτακται ἐπιμέλεσθαι τοῦ γενομένου, καὶ ὅπως ὅτι κάλλιστος ἔσται μηχανᾶσθαι, ἀναπλάττοντας τὰ μέλη τοῦ παιδὸς καὶ κατορθοῦντας· καὶ ταῦτα δρῶντες ἐν μεγάλῃ τιμῇ εἰσιν.
After this the child is brought up, not by a woman nurse of little value, but by the most excellent eunuchs among the king's courtiers; who are appointed, among other things, to take care of the newborn child, and to contrive how he may become as beautiful as possible, shaping and straightening the limbs of the child; and doing this, they are in high honor.
ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἑπτέτεις γένωνται οἱ παῖδες, ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς τούτων διδασκάλους φοιτῶσιν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς θήρας ἄρχονται ἰέναι.
And when the children become seven years old, they go to horses and to their teachers, and begin to go to hunts.
δὶς ἑπτὰ δὲ γενόμενον ἐτῶν τὸν παῖδα παραλαμβάνουσιν οὓς ἐκεῖνοι βασιλείους παιδαγωγοὺς ὀνομάζουσιν· εἰσὶ δὲ ἐξειλεγμένοι Περσῶν οἱ ἄριστοι δόξαντες ἐν ἡλικίᾳ τέτταρες, ὅ τε σοφώτατος καὶ ὁ δικαιότατος καὶ ὁ σωφρονέστατος καὶ ὁ ἀνδρειότατος.
And when the child becomes twice seven years old, those whom they call the royal tutors take him over; these are four men chosen as the most excellent of the Persians in their prime of life: the wisest, the most just, the most temperate, and the most courageous.
§122ΣΩ. ὧν ὁ μὲν μαγείαν τε διδάσκει τὴν Ζωροάστρου τοῦ Ὡρομάζου—ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο θεῶν θεραπεία— διδάσκει δὲ καὶ τὰ βασιλικά, ὁ δὲ δικαιότατος ἀληθεύειν διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου, ὁ δὲ σωφρονέστατος μηδʼ ὑπὸ μιᾶς ἄρχεσθαι τῶν ἡδονῶν, ἵνα ἐλεύθερος εἶναι ἐθίζηται καὶ ὄντως βασιλεύς, ἄρχων πρῶτον τῶν ἐν αὑτῷ ἀλλὰ μὴ δουλεύων, ὁ δὲ ἀνδρειότατος ἄφοβον καὶ ἀδεᾶ παρασκευάζων, ὡς ὅταν δείσῃ δοῦλον ὄντα·
SOCRATES: Of these, the first teaches the magic of Zoroaster son of Horomazes—and this is the worship of the gods—and he also teaches the royal duties; the most just teaches to speak the truth through all one's life; the most temperate teaches not to be ruled by even a single pleasure, so that he may be accustomed to be free and truly a king, ruling first over the things in himself and not being a slave; the most courageous makes him fearless and dreadless, since whenever he fears, he is a slave.
σοὶ δʼ, ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, Περικλῆς ἐπέστησε παιδαγωγὸν τῶν οἰκετῶν τὸν ἀχρειότατον ὑπὸ γήρως, Ζώπυρον τὸν Θρᾷκα.
But to you, Alcibiades, Pericles appointed as a tutor the most useless of his slaves through old age, Zopyrus the Thracian.
διῆλθον δὲ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἄν σοι τῶν ἀνταγωνιστῶν τροφήν τε καὶ παιδείαν, εἰ μὴ πολὺ ἔργον ἦν καὶ ἅμα ταῦθʼ ἱκανὰ δηλῶσαι καὶ τἆλλα ὅσα τούτοις ἀκόλουθα·
I would also have gone through the rest of the upbringing and education of your rivals for you, if it were not a great task, and at the same time these things were not sufficient to show both this and all the other things that follow from these.
τῆς δὲ σῆς γενέσεως, ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, καὶ τροφῆς καὶ παιδείας, ἢ ἄλλου ὁτουοῦν Ἀθηναίων, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν οὐδενὶ μέλει, εἰ μὴ εἴ τις ἐραστής σου τυγχάνει ὤν.
But of your birth, Alcibiades, and upbringing and education, or of that of any other of the Athenians, so to speak, no one cares, unless there is someone who happens to be your lover.
εἰ δʼ αὖ ἐθέλεις εἰς πλούτους ἀποβλέψαι καὶ τρυφὰς καὶ ἐσθῆτας ἱματίων θʼ ἕλξεις καὶ μύρων ἀλοιφὰς καὶ θεραπόντων πλήθους ἀκολουθίας τήν τε ἄλλην ἁβρότητα τὴν Περσῶν, αἰσχυνθείης ἂν ἐπὶ σεαυτῷ, αἰσθόμενος ὅσον αὐτῶν ἐλλείπεις.
And again, if you wish to look away to the wealth, luxuries, garments, the trailing of robes, the anointings of perfumes, the followings of a multitude of servants, and the rest of the luxury of the Persians, you would be ashamed of yourself, perceiving by how much you fall short of them.
εἰ δʼ αὖ ἐθελήσεις εἰς σωφροσύνην τε καὶ κοσμιότητα ἀποβλέψαι καὶ εὐχέρειαν καὶ εὐκολίαν καὶ μεγαλοφροσύνην καὶ εὐταξίαν καὶ ἀνδρείαν καὶ καρτερίαν καὶ φιλοπονίαν καὶ φιλονικίαν καὶ φιλοτιμίας τὰς Λακεδαιμονίων, παῖδʼ ἂν ἡγήσαιο σαυτὸν πᾶσι τοῖς τοιούτοις.
And again, if you wish to look away to the temperance, orderliness, ease, good nature, magnanimity, discipline, courage, endurance, love of labor, love of victory, and love of honor of the Lacedaemonians, you would consider yourself a child in all such things.
εἰ δʼ αὖ τι καὶ πλούτῳ προσέχεις καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο οἴει τι εἶναι, μηδὲ τοῦθʼ ἡμῖν ἄρρητον ἔστω, ἐάν πως αἴσθῃ οὗ εἶ.
And again, if you pay some attention to wealth and think you are someone in this respect, let this not be unmentioned by us either, if somehow you may perceive where you are.
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ εἰ ἐθέλεις εἰς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίων πλούτους ἰδεῖν, γνώσῃ ὅτι πολὺ τἀνθάδε τῶν ἐκεῖ ἐλλείπει· γῆν μὲν γὰρ ὅσην ἔχουσιν τῆς θʼ ἑαυτῶν καὶ Μεσσήνης, οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς ἀμφισβητήσειε τῶν τῇδε πλήθει οὐδʼ ἀρετῇ, οὐδʼ αὖ ἀνδραπόδων κτήσει τῶν τε ἄλλων καὶ τῶν εἱλωτικῶν, οὐδὲ μὴν ἵππων γε, οὐδʼ ὅσα ἄλλα βοσκήματα κατὰ Μεσσήνην νέμεται.
For if you wish to look at the wealth of the Lacedaemonians, you will know that the things here fall far short of the things there; for as to the land which they possess, both of their own and of Messene, no one of the people here would dispute either its quantity or its quality, nor again the possession of slaves, both others and those of the Helot class, nor indeed of horses, nor all the other cattle that graze in Messene.
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν πάντα ἐῶ χαίρειν, χρυσίον δὲ καὶ ἀργύριον οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ὅσον ἐν Λακεδαίμονι ἰδίᾳ· πολλὰς γὰρ ἤδη γενεὰς εἰσέρχεται μὲν αὐτόσε ἐξ ἁπάντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων, ἐξέρχεται δὲ οὐδαμόσε, ἀλλʼ ἀτεχνῶς κατὰ τὸν Αἰσώπου μῦθον ὃν ἡ ἀλώπηξ πρὸς τὸν λέοντα εἶπεν, καὶ τοῦ εἰς Λακεδαίμονα νομίσματος εἰσιόντος μὲν τὰ ἴχνη τὰ ἐκεῖσε τετραμμένα δῆλα, ἐξιόντος δὲ οὐδαμῇ ἄν τις ἴδοι.
But all these things I let pass; but gold and silver there is not in all the Greeks as much as in Lacedaemon privately; for already for many generations it has been entering there from all the Greeks, and often also from the barbarians, but it goes out nowhere, but absolutely, according to the fable of Aesop which the fox said to the lion, of the money entering into Lacedaemon the tracks turned thither are clear, but of it going out one can see them nowhere.