§1#8"ὁκόσοισι δὲ μὴ ἀνεμέουσι τὰ σιτία, ἢ καὶ κοιλίας ἔχουσιν ὑγρὰς, τουτέοισι πᾶσιν ἐναντίον τουτέου τοῦ τρόπου ξυμφέρει ποιέειν. "[q. 1]
Ἐπιτήδειον μὲν ἀνεμεῖν τὰ σιτία τοῖς ἤτοι διαῤῥύψαι βουλομένοις τὴν κοιλίαν, ἢ κένωσιν μετρίαν ποιήσασθαι τοῦ παντός.
'But for all those who do not vomit up their food, or who have loose bellies, it is beneficial to do the opposite of this method.' [q.1] Vomiting up food is suitable for those who wish either to wash out the belly or to make a moderate evacuation of the whole body.
ἀξιοῖ δὲ τούτους ἐσθίειν τε πολλάκις καὶ ποικίλα καὶ οἴνους πλείονας πίνειν.
And he expects these people to eat often and various things, and to drink more wine.
ἔμπαλιν δὲ τοὺς μήτε ἐμεῖν βουλομένους, ὑγροτέρας τε τοῦ προσήκοντος ἔχοντας κοιλίας, ὡς ἐπισχέσεως δεῖσθαι, μήτε πο-λλάκις ἐσθίειν, μήτε πολυειδῆ σιτία τε καὶ οἴνους προσφέρεσθαι.
Conversely, [he expects] those who do not wish to vomit, and who have bellies looser than proper so as to need checking, neither to eat often, nor to take in manifold foods and wines.
τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἅπαξ φαγεῖν ἕν τι μονοειδὲς ἔνα τε πίνειν οἶνον εἰς τὸ κατα-σχεῖν αὐτὰ τὴν γαστέρα τε καὶ πέψαι συντελεῖ, τὰ δὲ ἐναντία πεφθῆναί τε δυσχερέστερα καὶ μεῖναι κατὰ τὴν γα-στέρα.
For eating a single uniform thing once and drinking a single wine contributes to the stomach retaining and digesting them, whereas the opposite things are more difficult to digest and to remain in the stomach.
παρὰ δὲ τὴν ποιότητα τῶν προσενηνεγμένων καὶ τὴν τάξιν τῆς προσφορᾶς, ἤτοι γ᾿ ἐπιπολάζειν αὐτὰ, ἢ ὑπέρ-χεσθαι κάτω συμβαίνει.
But according to the quality of the things taken in and the order of their administration, it happens either that they float to the top or overflow downward.
"Τὰ δὲ παιδία χρὴ τὰ νήπια βρέχειν ἐν θερμῷ ὕδατι που-λὺν χρόνον καὶ πίνειν ὑδαρέστατον τὸν οἶνον διδόναι καὶ μὴ ψυχρὸν παντάπασι.
'And infant children should be bathed in warm water for a long time, and given to drink wine very much diluted and not cold at all.
τοῦτον δὲ διδόναι, ὃς ἥκι-στα τὴν γαστέρα μετεωρέει καὶ φῦσαν παρέξει.
And one should give this [wine] which least inflates the stomach and causes wind.
ταῦτα δὲ ποιέειν, ὅκως οἴ τε σπασμοὶ ἧσσον ἐπιλαμβάνωσιν καὶ μείζονα γίνηται καὶ εὐχροώτερα. "[q. 2]
Αὐτὸς εἶπε τοὺς σκοποὺς τῆς εἰρημένης διαίτης. ἵνα γὰρ οἵ τε σπασμοὶ ἧσσον ἐπιλαμβάνωσι καὶ μείζοα γίγνηται καὶ εὐχροώτερα. τὰ γὰρ ἐν ὕδατι θερμῷ βρεχό-μενα παιδία πλείονι χρόνῳ μαλακὰ διαμένει, τοῦτο δ᾿ εἰς τὸ μὴ σπᾶσθαι συντελεῖ.
And these things should be done so that convulsions may seize them less, and that they may become larger and healthier in complexion.' [q.2] He himself stated the aims of the mentioned regimen: 'so that convulsions may seize them less, and they may become larger and healthier in complexion.' For children who are bathed in warm water for a longer time remain soft, and this contributes to their not suffering convulsions.
τοὺς γὰρ σπασμοὺς αὐτὸς ὁ Ἱπ-ποκράτης τοῖς ἐντεταμένοις σώμασι μᾶλλον γίγνεσθαί φησι τῶν ἀνιεμένων καὶ χαλαρῶν, αὔξεται δὲ τὰ μαλακὰ σώματα ῥᾷον, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πάντη τὴν διάστασιν εὐκολωτέραν ἴσχῃ.
For Hippocrates himself says that convulsions occur more in tense bodies than in relaxed and slack ones, and soft bodies grow more easily, since they also have easier expansion in every direction.
ὅτι δὲ τὰ μήτε σπασμοῖς ἁλισκόμενα καὶ καλῶς αὐξανόμενα τὴν ὅλην ἕξιν ὑγιεινὴν ἴσχει πρόδηλον παντί.
And that those which are neither seized by convulsions and grow well have their whole habit healthy is obvious to everyone.
τοῦτ᾿ οὖν αὐτῷ δεδήλωται δι᾿ ἑνὸς γνωρίσματος οὐ μικροῦ τῆς εὐχροίας.
Therefore, this has been made clear by him through a single, not small sign, that of a healthy complexion.
ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν οἶνον ὑδαρῆ κελεύει πίνειν αὐτὰ, μὴ βουλό-μενος ὑπερθερμαίνεσθαι καὶ μάλιστα διὰ τὸ σπᾶσθαι πολ-λάκις αὐτὰ, ὃ πάλιν αὐτοῖς διὰ τὴν τῶν νεύρων ἀσθένειαν γίνεται καὶ τὴν ἀδηφαγίαν.
But he also commands them to drink the wine diluted, not wishing them to be overheated, and especially because they often suffer convulsions, which again happens to them because of the weakness of their nerves and their gluttony.
διὰ τοῦτ᾿ οὖν αὐτὸς καὶ μὴ ψυχρὸν αὐτὰ πίνειν κελεύει.
For this reason indeed, he also commands them not to drink it cold.
τὸ δὲ τοιοῦτον δεῖν εἶναι τὸν οἶνον, ὃς ἥκιστα φυσώδης ἐστὶν, ἅπασι κοινῇ συμφέρει τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, οὐ μόνον τοῖς νηπίοις.
But that the wine should be of such a kind as is least flatulent is beneficial to all human beings in common, not only to infants.
"Τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ὧδε χρὴ διαιτᾶσθαι τῷ ξηροτέρῳ τρόπῳ.
'And women should lead their lives in this way, in a drier manner.
καὶ γὰρ τὰ ξηρὰ σιτία ἐπιτηδειότερα πρὸς τὴν μαλθακό-τητα τῶν γυναικείων σαρκῶν καὶ τὰ πόματα ἀκρητέστερα ἀμείνω πρὸς τὰς ὑστέρας καὶ τὰς κυητροφίας. "[q. 3]
Τὰς γυναῖκας ἀξιώσας διαιτᾶσθαι τῷ ξηροτέρῳ τρόπῳ, ὁποῖός τέ ἐστιν οὗτος αὐτὸς ὑπέγραψεν.
For dry foods are more suitable to the softness of female flesh, and more unmixed drinks are better for the womb and childbearing.' [q.3] Having expected women to live in a drier manner, he himself sketched out of what sort this is.
ἔχει δὲ ἀντιλο-γίαν ἡ δόξα τἀνδρός.
But the opinion of the man contains a contradiction.
εἰ μὲν γὰρ παρὰ φύσιν ἦν ταῖς γυ-ναιξὶν ὑγραῖς εἶναι, καθάπερ ἐπί τε τῶν δυσκράτων φύσεων καὶ τῶν νοσούντων ὑγρὸν νόσημα, καλῶς ἂν αὐτὰς ἐξήρα-νεν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοῦτο κατὰ φύσιν αὐταῖς ἐστι, φυλάττειν αὐτὸ χρὴ, πλὴν εἰ τὴν ὑγιεινήν ποτε συμμετρίαν ὑπερβαίη.
For if it were contrary to nature for women to be moist, as is the case with ill-tempered constitutions and those suffering from a moist disease, he would have been right to dry them; but since this is according to nature for them, we must preserve it, unless it should ever exceed healthy proportion.
ἀλλὰ τοῦτό γε κᾀπὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐσκοπούμεθα.
But we consider this indeed in the case of men too.
καὶ γὰρ καὶ τούτοις ξηροτέροις μὲν εἶναι τῶν γυναικῶν κατὰ φύσιν ἐστίν.
For indeed for them too, to be drier than women is according to nature.
ἐπειδὰν δὲ τῆς προσηκούσης ξηρότητος ἐπὶ πλέον προέλθωσι, τότ᾿ αὐτῶν τὴν δυσκρασίαν ἐπανορθούμεθα διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων.
But whenever they advance further than the appropriate dryness, then we correct their ill-temperament by means of opposites.
"Τοὺς γυμναζομένους χρὴ χειμῶνος καὶ τρέχειν καὶ παλαίειν, τοῦ θέρεος παλαίειν μὲν ὀλίγα, τρέχειν δὲ μὴ, περιπα-τέειν δὲ πολλὰ κατὰ ψῦχος. "[q. 4]
Γυμνασίων διαφορὰς οἰκείων ταῖς ὥραις διδάσκει, τοῦ μὲν χειμῶνος θερμαίνειν καὶ ξηραίνειν δυναμένων, τοῦ δὲ θέρους ἔμπαλιν.
'Those who exercise should in winter both run and wrestle, and in summer wrestle a little, but not run, and walk much in the cool.' [q.4] He teaches the differences of exercises appropriate to the seasons, as those of winter are able to warm and dry, while those of summer are the opposite.
"Ὁκόσοι κοπιῶσιν ἐκ τῶν δρόμων, τουτέους παλαίειν χρή. ὁκόσοι δ᾿ ἂν παλαίοντες κοπιῶσι, τουτέους χρὴ τρέχειν.
'Those who are fatigued from running should wrestle; and those who are fatigued from wrestling should run.
οὕτω γὰρ ἂν ὁ ταλαιπωρέων τῷ κοπιῶντι τοῦ σώματος διαθερμαίνοιτο καὶ συνιστοῖτο καὶ διαναπαύοιτο μάλιστα. "[q. 5]
Εἰ οὕτως ἐγέγραπτο πάντα τοῖς δογματικοῖς ἰα-τροῖς, οὐκ ἂν εἶχον ἀφορμὴν πολυλογίας οἱ ἐξηγηταί.
For in this way, the one who is laboring with the fatigued part of the body would be warmed through, toned, and especially rested.' [q.5] If everything had been written in this way by the dogmatic physicians, the commentators would not have had an occasion for much talking.
λέγω δ᾿ οὕτως ὡς προσθεῖναι τὴν αἰτίαν, δι᾿ ἣν ὧδέ πως ἐκέ-λευσε πράττειν ἡμᾶς, ὅπερ νῦν ἐποίησεν ὁ Πόλυβος.
And I say 'in this way' in the sense of adding the cause for which he commanded us to act in this manner, which is exactly what Polybus has now done.
"Ὁκόσους γυμναζομένους μάλιστα διάῤῥοιαι λαμβάνουσι καὶ τὰ ὑποχωρήματα σιτώδεα καὶ ἄπεπτα, τουτέοισι τῶν τε γυμνασίων ἀφαιρέειν, μὴ ἔλασσον τοῦ τρίτου μέρους καὶ τῶν σιτίων τοῖσιν ἡμίσεσι χρέεσθαι.
'For those who exercise and are especially seized by diarrhea and whose stools are watery and undigested, one should subtract from their exercises not less than a third part, and they should use half of their food.
δῆλον γὰρ δὴ ὅτι ἡ κοιλίη ξυνθάλπειν οὐ δύναται, ὥστε πέσσεσθαι τὸ πλῆ-θος τῶν εἰσιόντων σιτίων.
For it is indeed clear that the belly cannot warm them through so as to digest the abundance of food coming in.
ἔστω δὲ τουτέοισι τὰ σιτία ἄρτος ὡς ἐξοπτότατος ἐν οἴνῳ ἐντετριμμένος καὶ τὰ πό-ματα ὡς ἐλάχιστα καὶ ἀκρητέστατα, καὶ περιπάτοισι μὴ χρεέσθωσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ σιτίου.
And let their food be bread baked as thoroughly as possible, crumbled in wine, and their drinks as few as possible and as unmixed as possible, and let them not walk after the meal.
μονοσιτέειν δὲ χρὴ ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον, οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα ξυνθάλποιτο ἡ κοιλίη καὶ τῶν εἰσιόντων ἐπικρατέοι.
And they should eat once a day during this time, for in this way the belly would be warmed through most and would master the things coming in.
γίνεται δὲ ὁ τρό-πος οὗτος τῆς διαῤῥοίης τῶν σωμάτων μάλιστα τοῖσι πυ-κνοσάρκοισιν, ὁκόταν ἀναγκάζηται ὁ ἄνθρωπος κρεηφαγέειν, τῆς φύσιος ὑπαρχούσης τοιαύτης.
And this kind of diarrhea occurs especially in those with dense flesh, whenever the person is forced to eat meat when their nature is of such a kind.
αἱ γὰρ φλέβες πυκνω-θεῖσαι οὐκ ἀντιλαμβάνονται τῶν σιτίων τῶν εἰσιόντων. "[q. 6]
For the veins, having become dense, do not take up the food coming in.' [q.6]