§1#10"Καὶ ὁκόσοι τὰ σιτία ἀνερεύγονται τῇ ὑστερέῃ καὶ τὰ ὑποχόνδρια μετεωρίζεται αὐτέοισιν, ὡς ἀπέπτων τῶν σιτίων ἐόντων, τουτέοισι καθεύδειν μὲν πλείονα χρόνον ξυμφέρει, τῇ δὲ ἄλλῃ ταλαιπωρίῃ ἀναγκάζειν χρὴ αὐτῶν τὰ σώματα καὶ τὸν οἶνον ἀκρητέστερον πινόντων καὶ πλείω καὶ τοῖσι σιτίοισιν ἐλάσσοσι χρέεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν χρό-νον.
"And as many as belch up their food on the next day, and whose hypochondria are elevated, as if the food were undigested, for these it is beneficial to sleep for a longer time, but one must force their bodies to other hardships, and they should drink stronger wine and more of it, and use less food during this time.
δῆλον γὰρ δὴ ὅτι ὑπ᾿ ἀσθενείης καὶ ψυχρότητος ἡ κοιλίη οὐ δύναται τὸ πλῆθος τῶν σιτίων καταπέσσειν. "[q. 1]
Καλῶς ἐποίησεν ἐνταῦθα προσθεὶς αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τῷ τέ-λει.
For it is indeed clear that because of weakness and coldness the belly cannot digest the abundance of food." [q.1] He did well here by adding [this] himself at the end.
δῆλον γὰρ δὴ ὅτι ὑπὸ ἀσθενείης καὶ ψυχρότητος ἡ κοιλία οὐ δύναται τὸ πλῆθος τῶν σιτίων καταπέσσειν. ὡς πρὸς τοῦτον γὰρ ἀποβλέπων τὸν σκοπὸν, ἐκθερμαίνειν αὐ-τὴν πειρᾶται.
For "it is indeed clear that because of weakness and coldness the belly cannot digest the abundance of food." For looking to this goal, he attempts to warm it.
καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο καθεύδειν τε πλείω χρόνον αὐτοῖς συμβουλεύει καὶ γυμνάζεσθαι, καὶ τὸν οἶνον ἀκρα-τέστερον πίνειν καὶ πλείονα καὶ τοῖς σιτίοις ἐλάττοσι χρῆ-σθαι κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον, καθ᾿ ὃν ἂν ἠπεπτηκότες τυγ-χάνωσιν, ὡς ἄν γε τῷ λοιπῷ γυμναζόμενοί τε καὶ κινού-μενοι καὶ πίνοντες τὸν οἶνον, ὡς εἰρήκαμεν, οὐδέν τι δέον-ται τῆς συμμέτρου ποσότητος τῶν σιτίων ἀφαιρεῖν.
And in accordance with this, he advises them both to sleep for a longer time and to exercise, and to drink stronger wine and more of it, and to use less food during that time in which they happen to have indigestion, so that, at least for the rest of the time, exercising and moving and drinking wine, as we have said, they have no need at all to subtract from the symmetrical quantity of food.
"Ὁκόσους δὲ δίψαι λαμβάνουσιν, τουτέοισι τῶν τε σι-τίων καὶ τῶν ταλαιπωριῶν ἀφαιρέειν καὶ τὸν οἶνον πι-νόντων ὑδαρέα τε καὶ ὡς ὅτι ψυχρότατον. "[q. 2]
Νῦν μὲν οὕτως εἴρηται τὸ γνώρισμα τῶν θερμῶν φύ-σεων, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἕκτῳ τῶν ἐπιδημιῶν κατὰ τήνδε τὴν ῥῆ-σιν· ἐν θερμῷ φύσει ψυχρὸν ποτὸν ὕδωρ, ἐλινύειν. αὐ-τὸς γὰρ ὀνομάσας τὴν κρᾶσιν τοῦ σώματος ἐφεξῆς ἔγραψε τὴν δίαιταν ἦς χρῄζουσιν οἱ οὕτω διακείμενοι, κεφάλαιον μὲν ἔχουσαν τὴν ψύξιν.
¦p.220 "And as many as are seized by thirsts, from these one must subtract both food and hardships, and they should drink wine that is watery and as cold as possible." [q.2] Now the token of hot natures is spoken of in this way, but in the sixth book of the Epidemics it is according to this passage: "In a hot nature, cold drink water, to rest." For having himself named the temperament of the body, he next wrote the regimen which those so disposed need, having cooling as its main point.
ἐν δὲ τῷ κεφαλαίῳ τούτῳ τῆς διαίτης τὰ δραστικώτερα, ἥ τε ὑδροποσία ἐστὶν καὶ ἡ ἀγυ-μνασία.
And in this main point of the regimen, the more active things are water-drinking and lack of exercise.
κατὰ δὲ τὴν προκειμένην ῥῆσιν τὸ μὲν ἐλινύειν ἕτερον ὠνόμασεν, εἰπὼν καὶ τῶν ταλαιπωριῶν ἀφαιρέειν.
But in the proposed passage, he named "to rest" differently, saying "and to subtract from hardships".
ἀντὶ δὲ τοῦ πίνειν ὕδωρ γράψας καὶ τὸν οἶνον πινόντων ὑδαρέα τε καὶ ὡς ὅτι ψυχρότατον καὶ μοι δοκεῖ κάλλιον ἐνταῦθα παραινέσαι.
And instead of drinking water, writing "and they drinking wine that is watery and as cold as possible", he seems to me to advise better here.
τὸ γὰρ ὑδαρὲς πόμα καὶ ψυχρὸν οὐκ ἐστέρηται μὲν τοῦ ἐμψύχειν, προσείληφε δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου ὠφελείας.
For the watery and cold drink is not deprived of cooling, but has additionally received the benefits from wine.
"Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ὀδύναι γίγνονται ἐκ τῶν σπλάγχνων ἢ ἐκ γυ-μνασίης ἢ ἐξ ἄλλης τινὸς ὁδοιπορίης, τουτέοισι ξυμφέρει ἀναπαύεσθαι ἀσίτοισι.
¦p.221 "And as many as develop pains from the viscera either from exercise or from some other journey, for these it is beneficial to rest without food.
πόματι δὲ χρέεσθαι ὅ τι ἐλάχι-στον εἰς τὸ σῶμα ἐσελθὸν, πλεῖστον οὖρον διάξει, ὅπως αἱ φλέβες, αἱ διὰ τῶν σπλάγχνων πεφυκυῖαι, μὴ κατατείνων-ται πληρώμεναι.
And they should use a drink which, entering the body in the smallest amount, will pass the most urine, so that the veins that grow through the viscera are not stretched by being filled.
ἐκ γὰρ τῶν τοιουτέων τὰ φύματα γί-νονται καὶ οἱ πυρετοί. "[q. 3]
Περὶ πασῶν δὲ τῶν ὑποθηκῶν ἐν τῇ τῶν ὑγιεινῶν πραγματείᾳ τελέως διελήλυθα καὶ νῦν ὅσον ὑπομνήσεως ἕνεκα καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν, οὕτως καὶ κατὰ τήνδε τὴν ῥῆσιν εἰρήσεται.
For from such things swellings and fevers arise." [q.3] And concerning all the instructions, I have fully gone through them in the treatise "On Health", and now, as far as for the sake of reminding, just as in the preceding parts, so also concerning this passage it shall be spoken.
πολλοῖς γὰρ τῶν ἀπυρέτων ὀδύναι ἐπιγίνονται κατὰ τὰ σπλάγχνα καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τὸ ἧπαρ.
For in many of those without fever, pains occur in the viscera and especially in the liver.
ὅταν ἐπὶ σιτίοις γυμνασάμενοι τύχωσιν ἢ λουσάμενοι, καὶ γίνεται τοῦτο διὰ στενοχωρίαν μὲν τῶν ἐν τῷ σπλάγχνῳ διεξόδων πάχος τε τῶν ἀναφερομένων χυμῶν.
Whenever they happen to exercise after food or to bathe, and this occurs because of the narrowness of the passages in the viscera and the thickness of the humors being carried up.
ἐμφραττόμε-νοι γὰρ καὶ ἐνισχόμενοι τοῖς στενοῖς πέρασι τῶν φλεβῶν, καθ᾿ ἃ ἡ μετάληψις γίνεται τοῦ αἵματος ἐκ τῶν σιμῶν τοῦ ἥπατος εἰς τὰ κυρτὰ, κωλύουσι μὲν τὰς διεξόδους, διατεί-νουσι δὲ δηλονότι τὰς κατὰ τὰ σιμὰ τοῦ ἥπατος φλέβας, ἐφ᾿ αἷς οὕτω πασχούσαις ὀδυνῶνται χωρὶς τοῦ πυρέσσειν.
For being blocked and held in the narrow limits of the veins, where the transference of the blood from the concave parts of the liver into the convex parts occurs, they prevent the passages and obviously stretch the veins in the concave parts of the liver, because of which, when they suffer thus, they are in pain without having a fever.
ἀναπαύεσθαι δὲ τούτους χρὴ καθ᾿ ὃν ἂν ἀλγῶσι χρόνον καὶ πίνειν τι τῶν οὐρητικῶν καὶ τὸ ἧπαρ ἐκφραττόντων.
And these must rest during the time they are in pain and drink something of those things that are diuretic and deobstruent of the liver.
ἂν γὰρ μὴ οὐρήσωσι, φύματα καὶ πυρετοὶ ταῖς τοιαύταις προ-φάσεσιν ἐπιγίνονται.
For if they do not pass urine, swellings and fevers follow upon such occasions.
"Ὁκόσοισι δὲ αἱ νοῦσοι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου γίνονται, νάρκη πρῶτον ἴσχει τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ οὐρέει θαμινὰ καὶ τἄλλα πάσχει ὁκόσα περ ἐπὶ στραγγουρίῃ, οὗτος ἐφ᾿ ἡμέρας ἐννέα τοῦτο πάσχει.
"And as many as develop diseases from the brain, numbness first possesses the head, and they urinate frequently, and suffer the other things that are indeed associated with strangury; this person suffers this for nine days.
καὶ ἢν μὲν ῥαγῇ κατὰ τὰς ῥῖνας ἢ κατὰ τὰ ὦτα ὕδωρ ἢ βλέννα, ἀπαλλάσσεται τῆς νούσου καὶ τῆς στραγγουρίης παύεται.
And if water or mucus breaks out through the nostrils or through the ears, he is released from the disease and ceases from strangury.
οὐρέει δὲ ἀπόνως καὶ πουλὺ καὶ λευκὸν, ἔστ᾿ ἂν εἴκοσιν ἡμέρας παρέλθῃ καὶ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἡ ὀδύνη ἐκλείπει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, ἐσορέοντι δὲ κλέπτεταί οἱ ἡ αὐγή.
And he urinates without pain, much and white, until twenty days pass, and the pain in the head leaves the person, but as he looks, his vision is stolen away.
ἄνδρα δὲ χρὴ, ὅς ἐστι συνετὸς, συλλογισάμενον, ὅτι τοῖσιν ἀνθρώποισι πλείστου ἄξιόν ἐστιν ἡ ὑγιείη, ἐπίστασθαι ἐκ τῆς ἑωϋτοῦ γνώμης ἐν τῇσι νούσοισιν ὠφελέεσθαι. "[q. 4]
Εἰκότως ὑπωπτεύκασι ταύτην τὴν ῥῆσιν ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ τελείως κατεγνώκασιν, ὡς οὔτε Πολύβου γεγραφότος αὐτὴν οὔτε πολὺ μᾶλλον Ἱπποκράτους.
And a man who is sensible, having reasoned that health is of the greatest value to humans, must know how to be benefited in diseases from his own judgment." [q.4] Naturally some have suspected this passage, and some have even completely condemned it, as written neither by Polybus nor, much less, by Hippocrates.
ἥ τε γὰρ ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου παντάπασιν ἀδιόριστος, ἀξιοῦσα τὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου νάρκην τε καὶ στραγγουρίαν ἐπιφέρειν οὔτε εἴπερ ἡγήσαιτό τις αὐτὸν οὐ πάσας τὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου νόσους ἀποφαί-νεσθαι τοιαύτας ὑπάρχειν, ἀλλὰ μόνας ἐφ᾿ ὧν κατὰ τὰ ὦτα καὶ τὰς ῥῖνας ὕδωρ καὶ βλέννα ῥυεῖσα τὴν νόσον ἔπαυ-σεν, ἀληθὲς τὸ λεγόμενον, οὔτε γὰρ ἀεὶ φαίνεται τοῦτο γι-γνόμενον οὔθ᾿ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.
For the beginning of the discourse is completely indefinite, claiming that those [diseases] from the brain bring about numbness and strangury; nor, even if one should suppose that he does not declare all diseases from the brain to be of such a nature, but only those in which water and mucus flowing through the ears and nostrils stopped the disease, is what is said true, for this is seen to happen neither always nor for the most part.