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Galen · Whom to Purge, With Which Cleansing Drugs, and When §2.1-2.3

Causes of Purgative Failure and Their Bodily Transformation

Passage 5 of 6 · Greek

Summary

Explains several reasons why a purging medicine may fail to act (the patient's nature, insufficient dose, constipation, or nature's impulse toward urine) and how some failed purgatives turn into nourishment while others become harmful.

§2.1Οὐκ ἐκκρίνει δ᾿ ἡ γαϲτὴρ ἐνίοτε καθαρτηρίου δοθέντοϲ, ἤτοι διὰ τὴν ἰδιότητα τῆϲ τοῦ κάμνοντοϲ φύϲεωϲ ἢ διὰ βραχύτητα τοῦ δοθέντοϲ φαρμάκου· πολλάκιϲ δὲ καὶ κόπροϲ ἐϲφηνωμένη ϲκληρὰ κατά τινα τῶν ἐντέρων ἐκκενωθῆναι δεομένη διὰ κλυϲτῆροϲ πρὶν δίδοϲθαι τὸ καθαῖρον φάρμακον κωλύει τὴν κένωϲιν.
And sometimes the belly does not evacuate when a purging medicine has been given, either because of the peculiarity of the patient's nature or because of the smallness of the given medicine; and often also hard feces wedged in some part of the intestines, which needed to be evacuated by means of an enema before the purging medicine was given, hinders the evacuation.
§2.2δύναται δὲ καὶ τῆϲ φύϲεωϲ. ἐπ᾿ οὖρα τὴν ὁρμὴν πεποιημένηϲ, τὸ καθαρτικὸν μηδὲν ἀνύειν.
And it is also possible, when nature has directed its impulse toward urine, that the purging medicine achieves nothing.
§2.3ἔνιά γε μήν, ὅταν ἀποτύχῃ καθαίροντα, τὰ μὲν πρὸϲ τῷ βλάπτειν μηδὲν τὸ ϲῶμα καὶ τροφὴ γίνεται τοῦ ζῴου, τὰ δ᾿ εἰϲ τὸ φάρμακόν τε καὶ δηλητήριον ἐκτρέπεται.
Indeed, some [purgatives] at least, when they fail to purge, on the one hand do not harm the body at all and even become nourishment for the living being, but on the other hand, turn into harmful drug and poison.

Notes

  1. ¦1¦καθαρτηρίου δοθέντοϲ — A genitive absolute construction expressing time ("when a purging medicine has been given") or concession ("even though a purging medicine has been given"). In this context, where evacuation does not occur despite the administration of the medicine, it carries a concessive nuance.
  2. ¦1¦ἐκκενωθῆναι δεομένη — `δεομένη` is a feminine singular participle agreeing with `κόπροϲ`, meaning "needing to be evacuated (`ἐκκενωθῆναι`, passive infinitive)." The clause `πρὶν δίδοϲθαι τὸ καθαῖρον φάρμακον` ("before the purging medicine is given") modifies this participle (or the infinitive), indicating a prerequisite condition prior to administering the medicine.
  3. ¦3¦δύναται δὲ καὶ — The impersonal verb `δύναται` ("it is possible that") governs an accusative and infinitive construction (subject `τὸ καθαρτικὸν` with infinitive `ἀνύειν`). The genitive absolute clause `τῆϲ φύϲεωϲ... πεποιημένηϲ` indicating condition or time is inserted between them.
  4. ¦25¦πρὸϲ τῷ βλάπτειν μηδὲν — The preposition `πρός` combined with the dative articular infinitive (`τῷ βλάπτειν`) expresses addition ("in addition to..., not only..."). Accompanied by the negator `μηδέν`, it means "in addition to not harming [the body] at all."

Cite this passage

Galen, Whom to Purge, With Which Cleansing Drugs, and When §2.1-2.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0057.tlg073.humanitext-grc2:2.1-2.3

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