§4Ἴσως οὖν ζητήσεις εἰ ἔστι τι φάρμακον εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς αἵματος ἀγωγόν.
Perhaps, then, you will ask whether there is any drug that draws blood immediately from the beginning.
ἔστιν, ὦ βέλτιστε, χρήσαιτο δ’ ἂν οὐδεὶς αὐτῷ.
There is, my good sir, but no one would use it.
διὰ τί;
Why?
φήσεις ἴσως.
Perhaps you will say.
ὅτι σφάξαι τοῦτ’ ἂν εἴη τὸν ἄνθρωπον, οὐ καθῆραι.
Because this would be to slaughter the human being, not to purge.
τὰ γάρ τοι καθαίροντα δι’ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πρὸς ἁπάντων ὀνομάζεται καθαίροντα, διότι καθαρὸν ἀποφαίνει τὸ αἷμα τῶν εἰρημένων περιττωμάτων.
For indeed purging drugs are named "purging" by all for this very reason, because they render the blood clean of the mentioned waste products.
οὐ μὴν οὕτω γέ τις ἐστὶ σοφὸς ἰατρὸς, ὡς ἐθελῆσαι μὲν κενῶσαι ἅπαν τὸ αἷμα, καταλιπεῖν δ’ ἐν τῷ σώματι τοὺς ἄλλους χυμούς.
Yet no physician is so "wise" as to wish to evacuate all the blood, but to leave the other humors in the body.
ὅθεν ἐν τοῖς δηλητηρίοις ἅπαντα τὰ τοιαῦτα καταριθμοῦσιν, ὅσα κένωσιν αἵματος ἐργάζεται διὰ τῶν κατὰ τὴν γαστέρα τε καὶ τὰ ἔντερα φλεβῶν.
Hence, among poisons they reckon all such things as effect the evacuation of blood through the veins along the stomach and intestines.
ἐχρῆν δὲ οὐδὲ ταῦτα κατὰ τὴν σὴν ὑπόθεσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κενοῦν αἷμα.
But not even these, according to your hypothesis, ought to evacuate blood from the beginning.
τὰ δὲ ὀνόματα τῶν τοιούτων φαρμάκων, οὐδ’ εἰ βεβαίως ἠπιστάμην, ἐδήλουν ἂν ἐν τοῖς γράμμασιν.
As for the names of such drugs, not even if I knew them for certain would I declare them in these writings.
ἀλλ’ ἐκεῖνό γε μόνον ἀσφαλὲς εἰπεῖν μοι τὸ γενόμενον ἐν Θρᾳξὶ Βιθυνοῖς ἔτι παίδων ἡμῶν ὑπαρχόντων.
But it is safe for me to tell only that which happened among the Thracian Bithynians while we were still children.
εὗρέ τις ἄνθρωπος τοιαύτην βοτάνην, ὥστε τὸν προσαράμενον αὐτῆς ἀποκρίνειν αἷμα καὶ οὕτως ἀπόλλυσθαι.
A certain man found such a herb that the one who touched it excreted blood and thus perished.
πολλῶν οὖν ἀποθνησκόντων ὁμοίῳ τρόπῳ, ζητήσεως ἀκριβεστέρας ἀξιώσαντες τὸ γινόμενον, εὗρόν τε τὸν φαρμακέα καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἡγούμενον τοῦ ἔθνους ἤγαγον.
Many therefore dying in a similar way, having deemed the happening worthy of more precise inquiry, they both found the poisoner and led him to the governor of the nation.
ἔργον δὲ ἐκείνου ποιουμένου μὴ μόνον αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος ἢ ἐδίδαξεν αὐτὸν ἢ ἔμαθεν παρ’ αὐτοῦ, μαθεῖν μὲν παρ’ οὐδενὸς ἔφη τὴν πόαν, ἀλλ’ ἧπαρ ποτὲ χοίρειον εἴς τι προάστειον κομίζων, πηξάσης τῆς γαστρὸς, ἀποθέσθαι κατὰ βοτάνης αὐτὸ, κᾄπειτ’ ἀναιρούμενον αὖθις ἰδεῖν ἰχῶρας αἱματώδεις ἐξ ὅλου τοῦ ἥπατος ἐπὶ τὴν βοτάνην ἐκρέοντας, ἐντεῦθέν τε στοχασάμενον εἰκὸς εἶναι τὴν βοτάνην ἕλκειν αἷμα, δοῦναι τινὶ πείρας ἕνεκα τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων ἀνθρώπων, ὡς δ’ ἅπερ ἤλπισεν εὗρεν, ἐπὶ κακῷ χρῆσθαι τοῦ λοιποῦ.
And when he made it his business not only to kill that man himself, but also to find out if anyone else had either taught him or learned from him, he said that he had learned of the herb from no one, but that once carrying a pig's liver into some suburb, his bowels having bound him, he put it down upon a herb, and then taking it up again, he saw bloody fluids flowing out from the whole liver onto the herb, and having conjectured from this that it was likely that the herb attracted blood, he gave it to someone among the first met people for the sake of trial, and when he found what he had expected, he used it for evil henceforth.
οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ δεῖξαι ἔφη βοτάνην ἑτέρῳ ἀνθρώπων.
Indeed, he also said that he had not shown the herb to any other human being.
ταῦτ’ εἶπεν ὁ φαρμακεὺς ἐκεῖνος ἐπὶ πλεῖστον βασανιζόμενος.
These things that poisoner said while being tortured to the utmost.
ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἔθνους ἡγούμενος, ἐπεὶ κατὰ τὴν διήγησιν, ἣν ἐποιήσατο περὶ τῆς βοτάνης, παμπόλλην ἔφη πεφυκέναι πανταχόθεν, δεθέντα τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν ἀπαχθῆναι τεθνηξόμενον, ὅπως μή τινι μεταξὺ δείξειεν.
But the governor of the nation, since according to the narrative which he made about the herb, he said it grew in great abundance everywhere, ordered him to be led away with blindfolded eyes to be executed, so that he might not show it to anyone on the way.
ὥστε, ὦ βέλτιστε, πολλὰ μὲν εἰκὸς εὑρῆσθαι φάρμακα τοιαύτην ἔχοντα δύναμιν, ὥστε εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἕλκειν αἷμα.
Therefore, my good sir, it is likely that many drugs have been found having such a power as to attract blood immediately from the beginning.
σιωπᾶσθαι δ’ εὔλογον αὐτὰ, καθάπερ τὰ ἄλλα δηλητήρια πρὸς ἁπάντων σιωπᾶται τῶν ἐχόντων νοῦν.
But it is reasonable that they be kept silent, just as other poisons are kept silent by all who have sense.
ἐγένοντο γάρ τινες ἤδη καὶ περὶ τὴν τούτων διδασκαλίαν ἄφθονοι, τερατώδη τινὰ κοινωνίαν ἐπιδειξάμενοι καὶ γράψαντες ἑκάστου τῶν δηλητηρίων σκευασίας, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐκ τῶν νοῦν ἐχόντων οἱ τοιοῦτοι, καθάπερ οὐδὲ ὑμεῖς, ἐὰν ἡμᾶς ἐρωτᾶτε τίνα τῶν φαρμάκων αἵματός ἐστιν ἀγωγά.
For there have already been some who were ungrudging also concerning the teaching of these things, displaying some monstrous fellowship and writing down the preparations of each of the poisons, but such people are not from among those who have sense, just as you are not either, if you ask us which of the drugs are attractants of blood.
πάλιν τοίνυν τὸν λόγον ἐπὶ τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀναγάγωμεν σκοπόν.
Let us, therefore, lead the argument back again to the original target.
ὁ μὲν ἕλκεσθαι λέγων ὁμοτίμως ἅπαντας τοὺς χυμοὺς, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν εὐρουστάτους πρώτους, ἐφεξῆς δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀποκρίνεσθαι, προδίδωσι τὰ φίλτατα, τὴν ἑλκτικὴν δύναμιν ὑπάρχειν ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ὁμολογῶν.
The one saying that all the humors are attracted equally, but that the most free-flowing are excreted first, and the others in order, betrays his dearest principles by admitting that the attractive power exists in beings.
ὑπὲρ ἧς ἀναισχυντεῖ ὁ χορὸς αὐτοῦ, περί τε χολῆς καὶ οὔρου διακρίσεως, ἀναδόσεώς τε καὶ ἄλλων τοιούτων ἀλλόκοτα λέγειν ὑπέμεινεν, ἔτι τε τοῖς φαινομένοις ἐναντία τίθεται, καθάπερ ἐδείξαμεν ἔμπροσθεν.
For the sake of which his choir behaves shamelessly, and concerning the separation of bile and urine, and distribution and other such things, has endured to say monstrous things, and moreover posits things contrary to the phenomena, just as we showed before.
εἰ γὰρ ἀληθὴς ἡ ὑπόθεσις αὕτη, πλείστη μὲν ἡ σύμπασα κένωσις ἐπὶ τοῖς τῆς μελαίνης ἀγωγοῖς, ἐλαχίστη δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς τῶν ὀῤῥωδῶν περιττωμάτων ἔσται.
For if this hypothesis is true, the total evacuation will be greatest upon the attractants of black bile, and least upon those of watery waste products.
καὶ μὴν δείξω σοι μυριάκις, ἐὰν θελήσῃς, ὦ σοφιστὰ, κᾂν νῦν γοῦν θεάσασθαι τὰ τῆς τέχνης ἔργα, τοῖς μὲν ὑδραγωγοῖς φαρμάκοις ἑπομένην ἀεὶ πλείστην κένωσιν, τοῖς δὲ τὴν μέλαιναν ἐκκαθαίρουσιν ἐλαχίστην.
And indeed I will show you ten thousand times, if you wish, O sophist, even if you wish at least now to behold the works of the art, that the greatest evacuation always follows water-drawing drugs, and the least follows those purging black bile.
δείξω δὲ καὶ κατ’ ἀρχὰς εὐθέως ἐκκενουμένην τὴν μέλαιναν.
And I will also show that black bile is evacuated immediately at the beginning.