§6Οἱ καιροὶ δὲ τῆς νόσου τηνικαῦτα κατὰ τὶ μὲν ὡσαύτως τοῖς προειρημένοις λαμβάνονται, κατὰ τὶ δὲ οὐχ ὡσαύτως.
On the other hand, the stages of the disease in that case are grasped in some respects in the same way as those mentioned before, and in some respects not in the same way.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἐν τῇ γενέσει τοῦ νοσήματος ἔχουσα τὴν σύστασιν· ἡ δὲ ἀνάβασις οὐκ ἐν τῷ πέττεσθαι, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν σώζεσθαι μελλόντων, ἀλλ’ ἐν τοῖς τῆς ἀπεψίας καὶ τοῖς ὀλεθρίοις σημείοις.
For the beginning, having its constitution in the origin of the disease, is in the same manner; but the progression is not in the concoction, as in the case of those who are to be saved, but in the signs of lack of concoction and in lethal signs.
ἐδείχθη γὰρ, εἴ τι μεμνήμεθα, διαφέροντα ταῦτα ἀλλήλων, λεχθήσεται δὲ ἀναμνήσεως ἕνεκα καὶ νῦν ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔνια.
For it was shown, if we remember at all, that these differ from one another, but for the sake of remembrance, some of them will be mentioned now as well.
τὸ μὲν οὖν εὔχροον οὖρον καὶ μετρίως παχὺ πάντων οὔρων ἐστὶ κάλλιστον, ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ χροιᾷ καὶ συστάσει· συμπαρεῖναι δὲ αὐτῷ χρὴ πάντως ἤτοι γε ἐναιώρημα χρηστὸν, ἢ νεφέλην, ἢ ὑπόστασιν, ὡς ἂν ἡ τοῦ νοσήματος ἀπαιτῇ φύσις· ἄλλως μὲν γὰρ ἐδείξαμεν ἐν τοῖς χολώδεσι νοσήμασιν, ἄλλως δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἐξ ὠμῶν χυμῶν πλήθεσι τὰς ὑποστάσεις γινομένας.
Therefore, the well-colored and moderately thick urine is the best of all urines, as far as color and consistency are concerned; but there must by all means be present with it either a good suspension, or a cloud, or a sediment, as the nature of the disease may require; for we showed that the sediments occur in one way in bilious diseases, and in another way in the abundance of raw humors.
ἐκ διαμέτρου δὲ, ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι, τὸ μὲν ἄπεπτον οὖρόν ἐστιν, ὃ μήτε ἐναιώρημα μήτε ὑπόστασιν ἔχει μήτε νεφέλην, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ πάχος τι προσειληφὸς, ἢ ὠχρότητα, λευκὸν δέ ἐστι τῇ χροιᾷ, καὶ λεπτὸν τῇ συστάσει, καθάπερ ὕδωρ·
But diametrically opposed, as one might say, is the unconcocted urine, which has neither suspension nor sediment nor cloud, nor has it acquired any thickness or yellow-color, but is white in color and thin in consistency, just like water.
εἰ μέντοι νεφέλη τις, ἢ ἐναιώρημα μέλαν, ἢ ὑπόστασις ἐν αὐτῷ γένοιτο μέλαινα, καὶ μᾶλλον εἰ καὶ σύμπαν εἴη ζοφῶδες, ὀλέθριον ὑπάρχει· καθάπερ εἰ καὶ κριμνώδη τινὰ, ἢ πεταλώδη κατ’ αὐτὸ φαίνοιτο·
If, however, some cloud, or black suspension, or black sediment should appear in it, and even more so if the whole should be dark, it is lethal; just as it is if some coarse-meal-like or leaf-like substances should appear in it.
καὶ μὴν καὶ τὸ δυσῶδες ἰσχυρῶς, καὶ τὸ λιπαρὸν, ὅπερ ἐλαιῶδες ὀνομάζουσιν, ὀλέθριον.
And indeed, also that which is strongly fetid, and the fatty which they call oily, is lethal.
ταῦτα οὖν ἐστι τὰ οὖρα, μεγάλου νοσήματος γνωρίσματα, ὃ κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν ἔλεγον ὑπάρχειν μέγα.
These, then, are the urines that are tokens of a great disease, which I said was great according to its own nature.
μέγα δὲ, εἰ καὶ τὸ πτύσμα πλευριτικοῖς καὶ περιπνευμονικοῖς, ἤτοι μέλαν, ἢ πυῤῥὸν ἰσχυρῶς, ἢ ἀφρῶδες, ἢ δυσῶδες ἱκανῶς, ἢ μηδ’ ὅλως πτυόμενον, ἰσχυρᾶς ὀδύνης ἢ δυσπνοίας κατεχούσης τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
And it is great if also the sputum in pleuritic and pneumonic patients is either black, or strongly reddish-yellow, or frothy, or sufficiently fetid, or not expectorated at all, while severe pain or difficulty in breathing holds the person.
ἀνάλογον δὲ τοῖσδε κᾀπὶ τῶν ἄλλων νοσημάτων, ὅσα καθ’ ἧπαρ, ἢ γαστέρα συνίσταται, τῶν ὀλεθρίων σημείων ὑπάρχει γένος, ὅθεν οὐδὲ ὁρίσαι παραπλησίως οἷόν τε τῇ τῶν σωθησομένων ἀκμῇ τὴν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις νοσήμασιν·
And in proportion to these, also in the case of other diseases that are constituted around the liver or stomach, there exists a class of lethal signs, whence it is not possible to define the acme in such diseases in a manner similar to the acme of those who will be saved.
ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ οἱ μέγιστοι παροξυσμοὶ τὴν ἀκμὴν ἀφώριζον, ἐνταυθοῖ δὲ οὐχ ὁρίσαι τοὺς μεγίστους ὁμοίως, ὡς ἂν μηδὲ πεπτομένου τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ νοσήματος, ἀλλ’ ἐπινοίᾳ χρὴ λαμβάνειν τὸ μέγιστον, εἰς ὃ ποτὲ μὲν ἀφικνεῖται τὸ νόσημα, ποτὲ δὲ ἀναιρεῖ φθάνον.
For there, the greatest parox ysms defined the acme, but here, it is not possible to define the greatest in a similar way, inasmuch as the disease is not concocted in the first place, but one must grasp by conception the maximum, at which the disease sometimes arrives, and sometimes destroys beforehand.
ἐπὶ μέν γε τῆς λυομένης φλεγμονῆς ἡ τοῦ πύου γένεσις ὅρος τῆς ἀκμῆς· ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς μὴ μελλούσης λύεσθαι δυνατὸν μὲν τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀποθανεῖν ἐστι καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀνάβασιν αὐτῆς· ἐγχωρεῖ δὲ καὶ διαρκέσαι τὴν δύναμιν ἰσχυροτάτην ὑπάρχουσαν ἄχρι τοῦ τελευταίου μεγέθους.
Indeed, in the case of resolved inflammation, the generation of pus is the limit of the acme; but in the case of that which is not going to be resolved, it is possible for the person to die even during its progression; but it is also possible for the power, if it is very strong, to hold out until the ultimate magnitude.
ταύτης γάρ τοι τῆς φλεγμονῆς, ὅταν γε μὴ μέλλοι λύεσθαι, τὸ μέγιστον μέγεθος ἤτοι γε εἰς γάγγραιναν, ἢ εἰς σηπεδόνα τελευτᾷ· μέχρι δ’ ἂν μηκέτι τι τούτων ᾖ, δυνατὸν αὐτὴν αὐξηθῆναι.
For indeed, the greatest magnitude of this inflammation, when it is not going to be resolved, ends either in gangrene or in putrefaction; and as long as none of these has yet occurred, it is possible for it to increase.
ἀνάλογον δὲ τῇ φλεγμονῇ καὶ αἱ καθ’ ἕκαστον γένος τῶν ἄλλων νοσημάτων αὐξήσεις νοείσθωσαν.
And in proportion to inflammation, let the increases in each class of the other diseases also be understood.
εἴρηται δὲ αὐτῶν οὐ τὰ γένη μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ αἱ διαφοραὶ καὶ τὰ εἴδη δι’ ἑνὸς ὑπομνήματος, ὃ περὶ διαφορᾶς νοσημάτων ἐπιγράφεται. ἐκείνῳ δὲ μάλιστά σε προσέχειν ἀξιῶ τὸν νοῦν, ὃ παροφθὲν ἱκανῶς ἄν τινα σφάλλοι.
And not only their classes but also their differences and species have been discussed in a single treatise, which is entitled "On the Difference of Diseases." And I require you to pay the closest attention to that, which, if overlooked, would sufficiently cause someone to stumble.