§3καὶ μὴν εἴ τίς γ’ ἐστὶ τοιοῦτος, ὑπερόψεται μὲν Ἀρταξέρξου τε καὶ Περδίκκου.
And indeed, if anyone is such a person, he will look down upon both Artaxerxes and Perdiccas.
καὶ τοῦ μὲν οὐδ’ ἄν εἰς ὄψιν ἀφίκοιτό ποτε· τὸν δ’ ἰάσεται μὲν, νοσοῦντα νόσημα τῆς Ἱπποκράτους τέχνης δεόμενον, οὐ μὴν ἀξιώσει γε διὰ παντὸς συνεῖναι, θεραπεύσει δὲ τοὺς ἐν Κρανῶνι καὶ Θάσῳ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις πολίχναις πένητας.
And into the presence of the former he would never even come; but the latter he will cure when he is sick with a disease that requires the art of Hippocrates, yet he will certainly not deign to remain with him continually, but he will treat the poor in Cranon and Thasos and the other small towns.
ἀπολείψει δὲ Κώοις μὲν καὶ πολίταις Πόλυβόν τε, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους μαθητὰς, αὐτὸς δὲ πᾶσαν ἀλώμενος ἐφέξει τὴν Ἑλλάδα.
And he will leave behind for the Coans, his fellow citizens, Polybus and the other disciples, while he himself, wandering, will traverse all of Greece.
χρὴ γὰρ αὐτὸν γράψαι τι καὶ περὶ φύσεως χωρίων.
For he must write something also about the nature of places.
ἵν’ οὖν κρίνῃ τῇ πείρᾳ τὰ ἐκ λόγου διδαχθέντα, χρὴ πάντως αὐτὸν πόλεως γενέσθαι αὐτόπτην τῆς πρὸς μεσημβρίαν τετραμμένης καὶ τῆς πρὸς ἄρκτον, καὶ τῆς πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα καὶ τῆς πρὸς δυσμάς· ἰδεῖν δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐν κοίλῳ κειμένην, καὶ τὴν ἐφ’ ὑψηλῷ, καὶ τὴν ἐπακτοῖς ὕδασι χρωμένην, καὶ τὴν πηγαίοις, καὶ τὴν ὀμβρίοις, καὶ τὴν ἐκ λιμνῶν καὶ ποταμῶν· ἀμελῆσαι δὲ καὶ μήδ’ εἴ τις ψυχροῖς ἄγαν ὕδασι, μήδ’ εἴ τις θερμοῖς χρῆται, μήτε νιτρώδεσι, μήτε στυπτηριώδεσιν, ἤ τισιν ἑτέροις τοιούτοις· ἰδεῖν δὲ καὶ ποταμῷ μεγάλῳ πρόσοικον πόλιν, καὶ λίμνῃ, καὶ ὄρει, καὶ θαλάττῃ, καὶ τἄλλα πάντα νοῆσαι, καὶ περὶ ὧν αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ἐδίδαξεν· ὥστε οὐ μόνον ἀνάγκη χρημάτων καταφρονεῖν τὸν τοιοῦτον ἐσόμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ φιλόπονον ἐσχάτως ὑπάρχειν.
Therefore, in order that he may judge by experience the things taught by reason, he must by all means become an eyewitness of a city turned toward the south and of one toward the north, and of one toward the rising sun and of one toward the setting sun; and to see both the one situated in a hollow and the one on a high place, and the one using imported waters, and the one using spring waters, and the one using rain waters, and the one from lakes and rivers; and not to neglect whether anyone uses excessively cold waters, or whether anyone uses hot, or nitrous, or aluminous waters, or any other such; and to see also a city neighboring a great river, and a lake, and a mountain, and the sea, and to understand all other things, also those about which he himself taught us; so that it is necessary for one who is to be such a person not only to despise money, but also to be extremely industrious.
καὶ μὴν οὐκ ἐνδέχεται φιλόπονον εἶναί τινα μεθυσκόμενον, ἐμπιπλάμενον, ἢ ἀφροδισίοις προσκείμενον, ἢ, συλλήβδην εἰπεῖν, αἰδοίοις καὶ γαστρὶ δουλεύοντα.
And indeed, it is not possible for anyone to be industrious who gets drunk, overeats, or is devoted to sexual pleasures, or, to put it briefly, is a slave to his genitals and stomach.
σωφροσύνης γοῦν φίλος, ὥσπερ γε καὶ ἀληθείας ἑταῖρος, ὅ γ’ ἀληθὴς ἰατρὸς ἐξεύρηται.
At any rate, the true physician is found to be a friend of temperance, just as he is also a companion of truth.
καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ λογικὴν μέθοδον ἀσκεῖν χάριν τοῦ γνῶναι, πόσα τὰ πάντα κατ’ εἴδη τε καὶ γένη νοσήματα ὑπάρχει, καὶ πῶς ἐφ’ ἑκάστου ληπτέον ἔνδειξίν τινα ἰαμάτων.
And indeed, he must also practice the logical method for the sake of knowing how many in all are the diseases according to species and genera, and how in each case one must grasp some indication of remedies.
ἡ δ’ αὐτὴ μέθοδος ἥδε καὶ τὴν τοῦ σώματος αὐτὴν διδάσκει φύσιν, τήν τ’ ἐκ τῶν πρώτων στοιχείων, ἃ δι’ ἀλλήλων ὅλα κέκραται, καὶ τὴν ἐκ τῶν δευτέρων τῶν αἰσθητῶν, ἃ δὴ καὶ ὁμοιομερῆ προσαγορεύεται, καὶ τρίτην ἐπὶ ταύταις, τὴν ἐκ τῶν ὀργανικῶν μορίων.
And this same method teaches also the very nature of the body: both that which is from the first elements, which are completely mixed with one another, and that which is from the second, perceptible elements, which indeed are also called homogeneous parts, and a third besides these, that which is from the organic parts.
ἀλλὰ καὶ τίς ἡ χρεία τῷ ζώῳ τῶν εἰρημένων ἑκάστου, καὶ τίς ἡ ἐνέργεια, δέον μὲν ἄγειν καὶ ταῦτα μὴ ἀβασανίστως, ἀλλὰ μετ’ ἀποδείξεως πεπιστεῦσθαι, πρὸς τῆς λογικῆς δήπου διδάσκεται μεθόδου.
Moreover, what is the utility for the living being of each of the mentioned things, and what is its activity—since these things too must not be accepted without examination, but be believed with proof—is taught, of course, by the logical method.
τί δὴ οὖν ἔτι λείπεται πρὸς τὸ μὴ εἶναι φιλόσοφον τὸν ἰατρὸν, ὃς ἂν Ἱπποκράτους ἀξίως ἀσκήσῃ τὴν τέχνην, εἰ γὰρ, ἵνα μὲν ἐξεύρῃ φύσιν σώματος, καὶ νοσημάτων διαφορὰς, καὶ ἰαμάτων ἐνδείξεις, ἐν τῇ λογικῇ θεωρίᾳ γεγυμνάσθαι προσήκει, ἵνα δὲ φιλοπόνως τῇ τούτων ἀσκήσει παραμένῃ, χρημάτων τε καταφρονεῖν καὶ σωφροσύνην ἀσκεῖν, πάντα ἤδη τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἔχοι τὰ μέρη, τό τε λογικὸν, καὶ τὸ φυσικὸν, καὶ τὸ ἠθικόν.
What, then, is still lacking for the physician not to be a philosopher, whoever practices the art worthily of Hippocrates? For if, in order that he may discover the nature of the body, the differences of diseases, and the indications of remedies, he must be trained in logical theory, and in order that he may industriously persist in the practice of these, he must despise money and practice temperance, he would already possess all the parts of philosophy: the logical, the physical, and the ethical.
οὐ γὰρ δὴ δέος γε, μὴ χρημάτων καταφρονῶν, καὶ τὴν σωφροσύνην ἀσκῶν, ἄτοπόν τι πράξῃ.
For indeed there is no fear lest, despising money and practicing temperance, he should do anything improper.
πάντα γὰρ, ἃ τολμῶσιν ἀδίκως ἄνθρωποι, φιλοχρηματίας ἀναπειθούσης, ἢ γοητευούσης ἡδονῆς, πράττουσιν.
For all the things that men dare to do unjustly, they do because love of money persuades them, or pleasure charms them.
οὕτω δὲ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἀρετὰς ἀναγκαῖον ἔχειν αὐτόν.
And thus it is necessary that he possess the other virtues as well.
σύμπασαι γὰρ ἀλλήλαις ἕπονται, καὶ οὐχ οἶόν τε μίαν ἡντιναοῦν λαβόντι μὴ οὐχὶ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἁπάσας εὐθὺς ἀκολουθούσας ἔχειν, ὥσπερ ἐκ μιᾶς μηρίνθου δεδεμένας.
For they all follow one another, and it is not possible for one who has taken any single one not to have all the others immediately following, as if bound by a single cord.
καὶ μὴν εἴ γε πρὸς τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς μάθησιν, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐφεξῆς ἄσκησιν, ἀναγκαία τοῖς ἰατροῖς ἐστιν ἡ φιλοσοφία, δῆλον ὡς, ὅστις ἂν ἰατρὸς ᾖ, πάντως οὗτός ἐστι καὶ φιλόσοφος.
And indeed, if philosophy is necessary for physicians for their learning from the beginning and for their subsequent practice, it is clear that whoever is a physician is by all means also a philosopher.
οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδ’ ὅτι πρὸς τὸ χρῆσθαι καλῶς τῇ τέχνῃ φιλοσοφίας δεῖ τοῖς ἰατροῖς, ἀποδείξεως ἡγοῦμαί τινος χρῄζειν, ἑωρακότας γε πολλάκις, ὡς φαρμακεῖς εἰσιν, οὐκ ἰατροί· καὶ χρῶνται τῇ τέχνῃ πρὸς τοὐναντίον, ἢ πέφυκεν, οἱ φιλοχρήματοι.
For I do not think that even the fact that physicians need philosophy for using the art well requires any proof, since we have often seen that the money-lovers are poisoners, not physicians, and use the art for the opposite of what it is by nature intended.