§9ἄγετ’ οὖν, ὦ παῖδες, ὁπόσοι τῶν ἐμῶν ἀκηκοότες λόγων ἐπὶ τέχνης μάθησιν ὥρμησθε· μή τις ὑμᾶς ἀπατεὼν καὶ γόης ἀνὴρ παρακρουσάμενός ποτε ματαιοτεχνίαν ἢ κακοτεχνίαν ἐκδιδάξηται, γιγνώσκοντας ὡς ὁπόσοις τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων οὔκ ἐστι τὸ τέλος βιωφελές, ταῦτ’ οὐκ εἰσὶ τέχναι.
Come then, my children, as many of you as, having heard my words, have set out to learn an art; let no deceitful man and impostor ever cheat you and teach you a useless art or a bad art, recognizing that as many of the pursuits whose end is not beneficial to life, these are not arts.
καὶ περὶ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων ὑμᾶς καὶ πάνυ πέποιθα γιγνώσκειν ὅτι μηδὲν τούτων ἐστὶ τέχνη, οἷον τό τε πετευρίζειν καὶ βαδίζειν ἐπὶ σχοινίων λεπτῶν ἐν κύκλῳ τε περιδινεῖσθαι μὴ σκοτούμενον. . .
And concerning the others, I am quite confident that you know that none of these is an art, such as tumbling, and walking on slender ropes, and spinning around in a circle without getting dizzy...
οἷα τὰ Μυρμηκίδου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου καὶ Καλλικράτους τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου.
such as the works of Myrmecides the Athenian and Callicrates the Lacedaemonian.
τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀθλητῶν ἐπιτήδευμα μόνον ὑποπτεύω, μή ποτ’ ἄρα τοῦτο καὶ ῥώμην σώματος ἐπαγγελλόμενον καὶ τὴν παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς δόξαν ἐπαγόμενον, δημοσίᾳ παρὰ τοῖς πατράσι [τετιμημένον] ἡμερησίαις ἀργυρίου δόσεσιν καὶ ὅλως ἴσα τοῖς ἀριστεῦσι τετιμημένον, ἐξαπατήσῃ τινὰ τῶν νέων ὡς προκριθῆναί τινος τέχνης.
But I suspect only the pursuit of the athletes, lest perhaps this, promising strength of body and attracting reputation among the many, honored publicly among our ancestors with daily allowances of money and honored overall on an equal footing with those who have won the prize of valor, should deceive some of the youth so as to be preferred to any art.
ὅθεν ἄμεινον προδιασκέψασθαι περὶ αὐτοῦ· εὐεξαπάτητος γὰρ ἕκαστος ἐν οἷς ἐστιν ἀπρόσκεπτος.
Whence it is better to examine it beforehand; for everyone is easily deceived in matters about which he is unreflecting.
τὸ δὴ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος, ὦ παῖδες, ἐπικοινωνεῖ θεοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῴοις, τοῖς μὲν καθ’ ὅσον λογικόν ἐστι, τοῖς δὲ καθ’ ὅσον θνητόν.
Now the race of men, my children, shares in common both with gods and with irrational animals: with the former in so far as it is rational, and with the latter in so far as it is mortal.
βέλτιον οὖν ἐστι τῆς πρὸς τὰ κρείττονα κοινωνίας αἰσθανόμενον ἐπιμελήσασθαι παιδείας, ἧς τυχόντες μὲν τὸ μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἕξομεν, ἀποτυχόντες δ’ οὐκ αἰσχυνούμεθα τῶν χειρίστων ζῴων ἐλαττούμενοι.
It is better, therefore, perceiving our kinship with the better beings, to care for education, obtaining which we shall possess the greatest of goods, but failing to obtain which, shall we not be ashamed of being inferior to the worst of animals?
σώματος δ’ ἄσκησις ἀθλητικὴ ἀποτυγχανομένη μὲν αἰσχίστη, ἐπιτυγχανομένη δὲ τῶν ἀλόγων ζῴων οὐδέπω κρείττων.
On the other hand, athletic training of the body, if it fails, is most shameful, and even if it succeeds, it is not yet better than that of irrational animals.
τίς γὰρ λεόντων ἢ ἐλεφάντων ἀλκιμώτερος, τίς δ’ ὠκύτερος λαγωοῦ;
For who is stronger than lions or elephants, and who is swifter than a hare?
τίς δ’ οὐκ οἶδεν, ὡς καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς δι’ οὐδὲν ἄλλ’ ἢ διὰ τὰς τέχνας ἐπαινοῦμεν, οὕτως καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοὺς ἀρίστους θείας ἀξιωθῆναι τιμῆς, οὐχ ὅτι καλῶς ἔδραμον ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἢ δίσκον ἔρριψαν ἢ διεπάλαισαν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν τεχνῶν εὐεργεσίαν.
And who does not know that we praise the gods for no other reason than because of their arts, and in the same way the best of men were deemed worthy of divine honor, not because they ran well in the contests or threw the discus or wrestled, but because of the benefit derived from their arts?
Ἀσκληπιός γέ τοι καὶ Διόνυσος, εἴτ’ ἄνθρωποι πρότερον ἤστην εἴτ’ ἀρχῆθεν θεοί, τιμῶν ἀξιοῦνται μεγίστων, ὃ μὲν διὰ τὴν ἰατρικήν, ὃ δ’ ὅτι τὴν περὶ τὰς ἀμπέλους ἠμᾶς τέχνην ἐδίδαξεν.
Asclepius indeed and Dionysus, whether they were formerly men or gods from the beginning, are deemed worthy of the greatest honors, the former because of medicine, and the latter because he taught us the art concerning grapevines.
εἰ δ’ οὐκ ἐθέλεις ἐμοὶ πείθεσθαι, τόν γε θεὸν αἰδέσθητι τὸν Πύθιον· οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καὶ τὸν Σωκράτην εἰπὼν ἀνδρῶν ἁπάντων σοφώτατον εἶναι, καὶ τῷ Λυκούργῳ προσφωνήσας ὧδ’ εἶπεν· ἥκεις, ὦ Λυκόοργε, ἐμὸν ποτὶ πίονα νηὸν
Ζηνὶ φίλος καὶ πᾶσιν Ὀλύμπια δώματ’ ἔχουσι.
And if you are not willing to obey me, respect at least the Pythian god; this is he who also said that Socrates was the wisest of all men, and addressing Lycurgus, spoke thus: 'Thou hast come, Lycurgus, to my rich temple, dear to Zeus and to all who hold Olympian dwellings.
δίζω ἤ σε θεὸν μαντεύσομαι ἢ ἄνθρωπον,
ἀλλ’ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον θεὸν ἔλπομαι, ὦ Λυκόοργε. ὁ δ’ αὐτὸς οὗτος θεὸς καὶ τὸν Ἀρχίλοχον τεθνεῶτα φαίνεται τιμῶν οὐ τὰ μέτρια· τὸν γοῦν φονέα βουλόμενον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν νεὼν αὐτοῦ διεκώλυσεν εἰπών ‘Μουσάων θεράποντα κατέκτανες· ἔξιθι νηοῦ’.
I am in doubt whether I shall declare thee a god or a man, but I expect even more that thou art a god, Lycurgus.' And this same god clearly honors the dead Archilochus in no moderate degree; at least he prevented his killer, who wished to enter his temple, saying: 'Thou hast slain the servant of the Muses; go out of the temple.'