§8.13ὅταν δὲ πρὸς τοὺς κρείττους πάντας προσαγαγὼν ἀποχωρεῖν βούληται, ἀνάγκη τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ τῶν βραδυτάτων ἵππων ἁλίσκεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ καὶ διʼ ἀφιππίαν πίπτειν, τοὺς δὲ διὰ δυσχωρίας ἀπολαμβάνεσθαι· καὶ γὰρ πολὺν τόπον χαλεπὸν εὑρεῖν οἷον ἄν τις εὔξαιτο. §8.14ὑπό γε μὴν τοῦ πλήθους καὶ συμπίπτοιεν ἂν καὶ ἐμποδίζοντες πολλὰ ἂν ἀλλήλους κακουργοῖεν.
But when one leads all his forces against those who are stronger and wishes to withdraw, it is inevitable that those on the slowest horses are captured, others fall because of bad horsemanship, and others are cut off by the difficult terrain; for it is hard to find a wide space such as one would pray for. Moreover, because of their multitude they would both collide and, by obstructing, do much damage to one another.
οἱ δʼ ἀγαθοὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἱππεῖς δυνατοὶ καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν διαφεύγειν ἄλλως τε ἂν καὶ μηχανᾶταί τις τοῖς διώκουσι φόβον ἀπὸ τῶν περιττῶν ἱππέων. §8.15σύμφορον δʼ εἰς τοῦτο καὶ αἱ ψευδενέδραι· χρήσιμον δὲ κἀκεῖνο, τὸ εὑρίσκειν πόθεν ἂν οἱ φίλοι ἐξ ἀσφαλοῦς ἐπιφαινόμενοι βραδυτέρους τοὺς διώκοντας παρέχοιεν. §8.16ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τόδε δῆλον, ὡς πόνοις καὶ τάχει οἱ ὀλίγοι τῶν πολλῶν πολὺ μᾶλλον ἢ οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ὀλίγων περιγίγνοιντʼ ἄν.
But good horses and riders are capable of escaping even from such situations, especially if one devises for the pursuers a cause of fear by means of the superfluous cavalry. Mock ambushes are also useful for this purpose; and it is also useful to find a spot from which friends, appearing from a place of safety, could make the pursuers slower. Furthermore, this also is clear, that in endurance and speed, few are far more likely to surpass many than many are to surpass few.
καὶ οὐ λέγω ὡς διὰ τὸ ὀλίγοι εἶναι καὶ πονεῖν μᾶλλον δυνήσονται καὶ θάττους ἔσονται, ἀλλʼ ὅτι ῥᾷον εὑρεῖν ὀλίγους ἢ πολλοὺς τοὺς καὶ τῶν ἵππων ἐπιμελησομένους ὡς δεῖ καὶ αὐτοὺς φρονίμως μελετήσοντας τὴν ἱππικήν. §8.17ἢν δέ ποτε συμβαίνῃ ἀγωνίζεσθαι πρὸς παραπλησίους ἱππέας, ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαι οὐκ ἂν χεῖρον εἶναι εἴ τις δύο τάξεις ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς ποιήσειεν, καὶ τῆς μὲν ὁ φύλαρχος ἡγοῖτο, §8.18τῆς δὲ ἄλλης ὅστις ἄριστος δοκοίη εἶναι, οὗτος δὲ τέως μὲν ἕποιτο κατʼ οὐρὰν τῆς μετὰ τοῦ φυλάρχου τάξεως, ἐπεὶ δʼ ἐγγὺς ἤδη εἶεν οἱ ἀντίπαλοι, ἀπὸ παραγγέλσεως παρελαύνοι ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους.
And I do not say that because they are few they will be better able to endure labor and be faster, but because it is easier to find few rather than many who will both care for their horses as they ought and themselves practice horsemanship wisely. If it should ever happen that you contend against cavalry equal in strength, I think it would not be worse if one should make two divisions out of the tribe, and the tribe-leader should lead one, and the other should be led by whoever seems to be best; and let this leader for a time follow in the rear of the division under the phylarch, but when the opponents are already near, let him ride forward from the side against the enemy upon a command.
οὕτω γὰρ οἶμαι καὶ ἐκπληκτικωτέρους τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἂν εἶναι καὶ δυσμαχωτέρους. §8.19εἰ δὲ καὶ πεζοὺς ἔχοιεν ἑκάτεροι, καὶ οὗτοι ἀποκεκρυμμένοι ὄπισθεν τῶν ἱππέων, ἐξαπίνης δὲ παραφαινόμενοι καὶ ὁμόσε ἰόντες δοκοῦσιν ἄν μοι τὴν νίκην πολὺ μᾶλλον κατεργάζεσθαι.
For in this way I think they would be both more terrifying to the enemies and harder to fight against. And if both sides should also have infantry, and these, being concealed behind the cavalry, should suddenly appear and join in close combat, they would, it seems to me, achieve victory much more decisively.
ὁρῶ γὰρ τὰ παράδοξα ἢν μὲν ἀγαθὰ ᾖ, μᾶλλον εὐφραίνοντα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἢν δὲ δεινά, μᾶλλον ἐκπλήττοντα. §8.20ταῦτα δὲ γνοίη ἄν τις μάλιστα ἐνθυμούμενος ὡς οἵ τε ἐνέδραις ἐμπίπτοντες ἐκπλήττονται, καὶ ἐὰν πολὺ πλείους ὦσι, καὶ ὅταν πολέμιοι ἀλλήλοις ἀντικάθωνται, ὡς πολὺ ταῖς πρώταις ἡμέραις φοβερώτατα ἔχουσιν. §8.21ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν διατάξαι ταῦτα οὐ χαλεπόν· τὸ δʼ εὑρεῖν τοὺς φρονίμως καὶ πιστῶς καὶ προθύμως καὶ εὐψύχως παρελῶντας ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους, τοῦτο ἤδη ἀγαθοῦ ἱππάρχου. §8.22δεῖ γὰρ καὶ λέγειν αὐτὸν ἱκανὸν εἶναι καὶ ποιεῖν τοιαῦτα ἀφʼ ὧν οἱ ἀρχόμενοι γνώσονται ἀγαθὸν εἶναι τό τε πείθεσθαι καὶ τὸ ἕπεσθαι καὶ τὸ ὁμόσε ἐλαύνειν τοῖς πολεμίοις καὶ ἐπιθυμήσουσι τοῦ καλόν τι ἀκούειν καὶ δυνήσονται ἃ ἂν γνῶσιν ἐγκαρτερεῖν. §8.23ἐὰν δέ ποτε αὖ ἢ φαλάγγων ἀντιτεταγμένων ἢ χωρίων ἑκατέροις ὑπαρχόντων ἐν τῷ μέσῳ τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν ἀναστροφαί τε καὶ διώξεις καὶ ἀποχωρήσεις γίγνωνται, εἰώθασι μὲν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ὁρμᾶν μὲν βραδέως ἀμφότεροι, τὸ δʼ ἐν μέσῳ τάχιστα ἐλαύνειν. §8.24ἢν δέ τις οὕτω προδείξας ἔπειτα ἐκ τῶν ἀναστροφῶν ταχέως τε διώκῃ καὶ ταχέως ἀποχωρῇ, βλάπτειν τʼ ἂν μάλιστα τοὺς πολεμίους δύναιτο καὶ ὡς τὸ εἰκὸς ἀσφαλέστατʼ ἂν διάγοι, ταχὺ μὲν διώκων ἐν ᾧ ἂν ἐγγὺς ᾖ τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἰσχυροῦ, ταχὺ δὲ ἀποχωρῶν ἀπὸ τῶν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἰσχυρῶν. §8.25εἰ δὲ καὶ λαθεῖν δύναιτο ἀπὸ τῆς τάξεως ἑκάστης καταλιπὼν ἢ τέτταρας ἢ πέντε τῶν κρατίστων ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν, πολὺ ἂν προέχοιεν εἰς τὸ ἐπαναστρεφομένοις τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐμπίπτειν.
For I see that unexpected things, if they are good, please men more, but if they are terrible, throw them into greater consternation. And anyone might understand this best by reflecting that those who fall into ambushes are thrown into consternation, even if they are far more numerous, and when enemies sit down opposite one another, they are far more terrified in the first few days. But to arrange these things is not difficult; rather, to find those who will ride forward against the enemy wisely, faithfully, eagerly, and courageously, this is indeed the part of a good cavalry commander. For he must himself be capable of speaking and doing such things from which his subordinates will know that it is good to obey, to follow, and to charge against the enemy, and will desire to hear praise, and will be able to persevere in whatever they have resolved. And if, on the other hand, while phalanxes are drawn up opposite each other or strongholds are held by both sides, wheels, pursuits, and retreats of cavalry take place in the middle, both sides are accustomed for the most part to start slowly from such positions, but to ride at greatest speed in the middle. But if someone, having first made a show of this, then pursues quickly and withdraws quickly from the wheels, he would be able to do the most damage to the enemies and would likely pass through most safely, pursuing quickly as long as he is near his own strong force, but withdrawing quickly from the strong forces of the enemy. And if one could also manage to escape notice by leaving behind from each division four or five of the strongest horses and men, they would have a great advantage in falling upon the enemy as they wheel round to return.