§1.1ἐγὼ μὲν τοῦτο ἀεί ποτε νομίζω, ὁποῖοί τινες ἂν οἱ προστάται ὦσι, τοιαύτας καὶ τὰς πολιτείας γίγνεσθαι.
I have always held the opinion that, whatever the character of the leaders may be, such also do the constitutions of states become.
ἐπεὶ δὲ τῶν Ἀθήνησι προεστηκότων ἔλεγόν τινες ὡς γιγνώσκουσι μὲν τὸ δίκαιον οὐδενὸς ἧττον τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, διὰ δὲ τὴν τοῦ πλήθους πενίαν ἀναγκάζεσθαι ἔφασαν ἀδικώτεροι εἶναι περὶ τὰς πόλεις, ἐκ τούτου ἐπεχείρησα σκοπεῖν εἴ πῃ δύναιντʼ ἂν οἱ πολῖται διατρέφεσθαι ἐκ τῆς ἑαυτῶν, ὅθενπερ καὶ δικαιότατον, νομίζων, εἰ τοῦτο γένοιτο, ἅμα τῇ τε πενίᾳ αὐτῶν ἐπικεκουρῆσθαι ἂν καὶ τῷ ὑπόπτους τοῖς Ἕλλησιν εἶναι.
Now, since some of those who lead at Athens were saying that they understand justice no less than other men, but asserted that because of the poverty of the multitude they are compelled to be somewhat unjust towards the cities, I consequently undertook to consider whether the citizens could in any way be maintained from their own land, which is indeed the most just way, thinking that, if this should happen, a remedy would be provided at once for their poverty and for their being suspected by the Greeks.
§1.2σκοποῦντι δή μοι ἃ ἐπενόησα τοῦτο μὲν εὐθὺς ἀνεφαίνετο, ὅτι ἡ χώρα πέφυκεν οἵα πλείστας προσόδους παρέχεσθαι.
As I considered the ideas I had conceived, this first immediately became clear to me, that the land is of such a nature as to yield very large revenues.
ὅπως δὲ γνωσθῇ ὅτι ἀληθὲς τοῦτο λέγω, πρῶτον διηγήσομαι τὴν φύσιν τῆς Ἀττικῆς.
And in order that it may be known that I speak the truth, I will first describe the natural character of Attica.
§1.3οὐκοῦν τὸ μὲν τὰς ὥρας ἐνθάδε πρᾳοτάτας εἶναι καὶ αὐτὰ τὰ γιγνόμενα μαρτυρεῖ· ἃ γοῦν πολλαχοῦ οὐδὲ βλαστάνειν δύναιτʼ ἂν ἐνθάδε καρποφορεῖ.
Surely, the fact that the seasons here are extremely mild is testified by the very products of the land; at any rate, what in many places could not even sprout, here bears fruit.
ὥσπερ δὲ ἡ γῆ, οὕτω καὶ ἡ περὶ τὴν χώραν θάλαττα παμφορωτάτη ἐστίν.
And as the land, so also the sea surrounding the territory is most productive.
καὶ μὴν ὅσαπερ οἱ θεοὶ ἐν ταῖς ὥραις ἀγαθὰ παρέχουσι, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα ἐνταῦθα πρῳαίτατα μὲν ἄρχεται, ὀψιαίτατα δὲ λήγει.
Furthermore, all the good things that the gods provide in their seasons, all these begin earliest here and end latest.
§1.4οὐ μόνον δὲ κρατεῖ τοῖς ἐπʼ ἐνιαυτὸν θάλλουσί τε καὶ γηράσκουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀίδια ἀγαθὰ ἔχει ἡ χώρα.
But the land does not excel only in things that flourish and decay year by year; it also possesses everlasting blessings.
πέφυκε μὲν γὰρ λίθος ἐν αὐτῇ ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ κάλλιστοι μὲν ναοί, κάλλιστοι δὲ βωμοὶ γίγνονται, εὐπρεπέστατα δὲ θεοῖς ἀγάλματα· πολλοὶ δʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ βάρβαροι προσδέονται.
For there is in it an abundance of stone, from which are made the most beautiful temples, the most beautiful altars, and the most magnificent statues for the gods; and many Greeks and foreigners alike have need of it.
§1.5ἔστι δὲ καὶ γῆ ἣ σπειρομένη μὲν οὐ φέρει καρπόν, ὀρυττομένη δὲ πολλαπλασίους τρέφει ἢ εἰ σῖτον ἔφερε.
There is also land which, though it does not bear fruit when sown, yet when quarried supports many times more people than if it bore grain.
καὶ μὴν ὑπάργυρός ἐστι σαφῶς θείᾳ μοίρᾳ· πολλῶν γοῦν πόλεων παροικουσῶν καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν εἰς οὐδεμίαν τούτων οὐδὲ μικρὰ φλὲψ ἀργυρίτιδος διήκει.
And indeed, it is clearly silver-bearing by divine dispensation; at any rate, though many cities are situated near it both by land and by sea, not even a small vein of silver-ore extends into any of them.
§1.6οὐκ ἂν ἀλόγως δέ τις οἰηθείη τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ πάσης δὲ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀμφὶ τὰ μέσα οἰκεῖσθαι τὴν πόλιν.
And one might not unreasonably suppose that the city is situated near the center of Greece, and indeed of the whole inhabited world.
ὅσῳ γὰρ ἄν τινες πλέον ἀπέχωσιν αὐτῆς, τοσούτῳ χαλεπωτέροις ἢ ψύχεσιν ἢ θάλπεσιν ἐντυγχάνουσιν· ὁπόσοι τʼ ἂν αὖ βουληθῶσιν ἀπʼ ἐσχάτων τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐπʼ ἔσχατα ἀφικέσθαι, πάντες οὗτοι ὥσπερ κύκλου τόρνον τὰς Ἀθήνας ἢ παραπλέουσιν ἢ παρέρχονται.
For the further men are removed from it, the more severe cold or heat they encounter; and all who wish to travel from one extremity of Greece to the other must either sail past or pass through Athens, as if it were the center of a circle.
§1.7καὶ μὴν οὐ περίρρυτός γε οὖσα ὅμως ὥσπερ νῆσος πᾶσιν ἀνέμοις προσάγεταί τε ὧν δεῖται καὶ ἀποπέμπεται ἃ βούλεται· ἀμφιθάλαττος γάρ ἐστι.
Moreover, though it is not surrounded by water, yet like an island it is visited under every wind by what it needs, and sends out what it wishes; for it has the sea on both sides.
καὶ κατὰ γῆν δὲ πολλὰ δέχεται ἐμπορίᾳ· ἤπειρος γάρ ἐστιν.
And by land also, it receives many goods through trade; for it is a mainland.
§1.8ἔτι δὲ ταῖς μὲν πλείσταις πόλεσι βάρβαροι προσοικοῦντες πράγματα παρέχουσιν· Ἀθήναις δὲ γειτονεύουσιν αἳ καὶ αὐταὶ πλεῖστον ἀπέχουσι τῶν βαρβάρων.
Furthermore, while most cities are troubled by neighboring barbarians, those that neighbor Athens are themselves at the greatest distance from the barbarians.