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Xenophon · Agesilaus §3.1-3.5

The Virtue of Piety and the Trust of Enemies

Passage 9 of 18 · Greek

Summary

The author discusses Agesilaus' virtue of piety and keeping oaths, giving concrete examples of how his enemies, such as Spithridates, Cotys, and Pharnabazus, trusted him deeply.

§3.1καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ εἴρηται ὅσα τῶν ἐκείνου ἔργων μετὰ πλείστων μαρτύρων ἐπράχθη.
And these things indeed have been told, namely all those of his deeds which were performed with the greatest number of witnesses.
τὰ γὰρ τοιαῦτα οὐ τεκμηρίων προσδεῖται, ἀλλʼ ἀναμνῆσαι μόνον ἀρκεῖ καὶ εὐθὺς πιστεύεται.
For such matters do not stand in need of proofs, but it is enough merely to remind one of them and they are immediately believed.
νῦν δὲ τὴν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτοῦ ἀρετὴν πειράσομαι δηλοῦν, διʼ ἣν ταῦτα ἔπραττε καὶ πάντων τῶν καλῶν ἤρα καὶ πάντα τὰ αἰσχρὰ ἐξεδίωκεν. §3.2Ἀγησίλαος γὰρ τὰ μὲν θεῖα οὕτως ἐσέβετο ὡς καὶ οἱ πολέμιοι τοὺς ἐκείνου ὅρκους καὶ τὰς ἐκείνου σπονδὰς πιστοτέρας ἐνόμιζον ἢ τὴν ἑαυτῶν φιλίαν· οἳ καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔστιν ὅτε μὲν ὤκνουν εἰς ταὐτὸν ἰέναι, Ἀγησιλάῳ δὲ αὑτοὺς ἐνεχείριζον.
But now I will try to show the virtue in his soul, by reason of which he performed these deeds and loved all that was honorable and banished all that was base. For Agesilaus so revered things divine that even his enemies considered his oaths and his treaties more trustworthy than their own friendship; and they, though at times hesitating to come together with one another, entrusted themselves to Agesilaus.
ὅπως δὲ μή τις ἀπιστῇ, καὶ ὀνομάσαι βούλομαι τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους αὐτῶν. §3.3Σπιθριδάτης μέν γε ὁ Πέρσης εἰδὼς ὅτι Φαρνάβαζος γῆμαι μὲν τὴν βασιλέως ἔπραττε θυγατέρα, τὴν δʼ αὐτοῦ ἄνευ γάμου λαβεῖν ἐβούλετο, ὕβριν νομίσας τοῦτο Ἀγησιλάῳ ἑαυτὸν καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τὰ τέκνα καὶ τὴν δύναμιν ἐνεχείρισε. §3.4Κότυς δὲ ὁ τῶν Παφλαγόνων ἄρχων βασιλεῖ μὲν οὐχ ὑπήκουσε δεξιὰν πέμποντι, φοβούμενος μὴ ληφθεὶς ἢ χρήματα πολλὰ ἀποτείσειεν ἢ καὶ ἀποθάνοι, Ἀγησιλάου δὲ καὶ οὗτος ταῖς σπονδαῖς πιστεύσας εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδόν τε ἦλθε καὶ συμμαχίαν ποιησάμενος εἵλετο σὺν Ἀγησιλάῳ στρατεύεσθαι, χιλίους μὲν ἱππέας, δισχιλίους δὲ πελτοφόρους ἔχων. §3.5ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ Φαρνάβαζος Ἀγησιλάῳ εἰς λόγους καὶ διωμολόγησεν, εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς πάσης τῆς στρατιᾶς στρατηγὸς κατασταθείη, ἀποστήσεσθαι βασιλέως· ἢν μέντοι ἐγὼ γένωμαι στρατηγός, ἔφη, πολεμήσω σοι, ὦ Ἀγησίλαε, ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ δύνωμαι κράτιστα. καὶ ταῦτα λέγων ἐπίστευε μηδὲν ἂν παράσπονδον παθεῖν.
And so that no one may disbelieve, I wish also to name the most illustrious of them. Spithridates the Persian, for instance, knowing that Pharnabazus was negotiating to marry the King's daughter, but wished to take his own daughter without marriage, considering this an insult, entrusted himself, his wife, his children, and his forces to Agesilaus. And Cotys, the ruler of the Paphlagonians, did not obey the King who sent him the hand of friendship, fearing lest he should be captured and either pay a large sum of money or even be put to death; but he too, trusting in the treaty of Agesilaus, came into his camp and, having made an alliance, chose to campaign with Agesilaus, having a thousand cavalry and two thousand peltasts. Pharnabazus also came to a conference with Agesilaus and agreed that, unless he himself should be appointed general of the whole army, he would revolt from the King; "But if I should become general," he said, "I will make war on you, Agesilaus, as vigorously as I can." And even while saying this, he trusted that he would suffer nothing contrary to the treaty.
οὕτω μέγα καὶ καλὸν κτῆμα τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ ἀνδρὶ δὴ στρατηγῷ τὸ ὅσιόν τε καὶ πιστὸν εἶναί τε καὶ ὄντα ἐγνῶσθαι.
Thus, to be holy and faithful, and to be known to be such, is a great and noble possession for all others and especially for a man who is a general.
καὶ περὶ μὲν εὐσεβείας ταῦτα.
And so much for piety.

Notes

  1. §3.1ὅσα τῶν ἐκείνου ἔργων — ὅσα is a relative pronoun implying its own antecedent ('all those things which'), with the genitive phrase τῶν ἐκείνου ἔργων acting as a partitive genitive qualifying it.
  2. §3.2οὕτως... ὡς — The adverb ὡs correlated with οὕτως introduces a consecutive clause ('so... that...'), showing the extent of Agesilaus' piety.
  3. §3.3τὴν δʼ αὐτοῦ ἄνευ γάμου — The noun θυγατέρα (daughter) is omitted after the article τὴν, understood from the preceding phrase. αὐτοῦ is a reflexive possessive genitive referring to Spithridates himself.
  4. §3.4δεξιὰν πέμποντι — 'Sending the right hand' is an ancient idiom referring to the King sending a pledge of friendship, alliance, or safe-conduct, symbolized by the clasp of the right hand.
  5. §3.5εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς πάσης τῆς στρατιᾶς στρατηγὸς κατασταθείη — A conditional clause in indirect discourse. The original protasis with a future condition (ἐὰν μὴ... κατασταθῇ) has changed its verb to the optative mood because it depends on a main verb in the past tense (διωμολόγησεν).

Cite this passage

Xenophon, Agesilaus §3.1-3.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg009.humanitext-grc2:3.1-3.5

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