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New Testament · Hebrews §8.1-8.13

High Priest of the Heavenly Sanctuary and the New Covenant

Passage 8 of 13 · Greek

Summary

The author presents Christ as the superior High Priest serving in the true heavenly sanctuary, acting as the mediator of a better "new covenant" that supersedes the obsolete old covenant.

§8.1Κεφάλαιον δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις, τοιοῦτον ἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα, ὃς "ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾶ" τοῦ θρόνου τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, §8.2τῶν ἁγίων λειτουργὸς καὶ "τῆς σκηνῆς" τῆς ἀληθινῆς, "ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος," οὐκ ἄνθρωπος.
Now the main point in what we are saying is this: we have such a high priest, one who "sat down at the right hand" of the throne of the Majesty in heaven, a minister in the holy places and in the true "tent" that "the Lord set up," not man.
§8.3πᾶς γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς εἰς τὸ προσφέρειν δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίας καθίσταται· ὅθεν ἀναγκαῖον ἔχειν τι καὶ τοῦτον ὃ προσενέγκῃ.
For every high priest is appointed to offer gifts and sacrifices; hence it is necessary for this priest also to have something to offer.
§8.4εἰ μὲν οὖν ἦν ἐπὶ γῆς, οὐδʼ ἂν ἦν ἱερεύς, ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων κατὰ νόμον τὰ δῶρα·
Now if he were on earth, he would not be a priest at all, since there are priests who offer gifts according to the law.
§8.5(οἵτινες ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ λατρεύουσιν τῶν ἐπουρανίων, καθὼς κεχρημάτισται Μωυσῆς μέλλων ἐπιτελεῖν τὴν σκηνήν, "Ὅρα" γάρ, φησίν, "ποιήσεις πάντα gt κατὰ τὸν τύπον τὸν δειχθέντα σοι ἐν τῷ ὄρει· " ) §8.6νῦν δὲ διαφορωτέρας τέτυχεν λειτουργίας, ὅσῳ καὶ κρείττονός ἐστιν διαθήκης μεσίτης, ἥτις ἐπὶ κρείττοσιν ἐπαγγελίαις νενομοθέτηται.
(They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things. For when Moses was about to erect the tent, he was instructed by God, saying, "See that you make everything according to the pattern that was shown you on the mountain.") But as it is, Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises.
§8.7εἰ γὰρ ἡ πρώτη ἐκείνη ἦν ἄμεμπτος, οὐκ ἂν δευτέρας ἐζητεῖτο τόπος·
For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion sought for a second.
§8.8μεμφόμενος γὰρ αὐτοὺς λέγει " Ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ συντελέσω ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἐπι τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα διαθήκην καινήν, " §8.9" οὐ κατὰ τὴν διαθήκην ἣν ἐποίησα τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπιλαβομένου μου τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, ὅτι αὐτοὶ οὐκ ἐνέμειναν ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ μου, κἀγὼ ἠμέλησα αὐτῶν, λέγει Κύριος. "
For he finds fault with them when he says: "Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, "" not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt. For they did not continue in my covenant, and so I showed no concern for them, declares the Lord.
§8.10" ὅτι αὕτη ἡ διαθήκη ἣν διαθήσομαι τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραήλ μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ὲκείνας, λέγει Κύριος, διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς, καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς εἰς θεόν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονται μοι εἰς λαόν. "
"" For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws into their minds, and write them on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
§8.11" καὶ οὐ μὴ διδάξωσιν ἕκαστος τὸν πολίτην αὐτοῦ καὶ ἕκαστος τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, λέγων Γνῶθι τὸν κύριον, ὅτι παντες εἰδήσουσίν με ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου αὐτῶν. "
"" And they shall not teach, each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest.
§8.12" ὅτι ἵλεως ἔσομαι ταῖς ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ μνησθῶ ἔτι. " §8.13ἐν τῷ λέγειν "Καινήν" πεπαλαίωκεν τὴν πρώτην, τὸ δὲ παλαιούμενον καὶ γηράσκον ἐγγὺς ἀφανισμοῦ.
"" For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their sins no more." In speaking of "a new covenant," he makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.

Notes

  1. 8.1Κεφάλαιον δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις — A nominative absolute phrase introducing the crux of the ongoing argument. The preposition ἐπί here means "with reference to," and combined with the present participle τοῖς λεγομένοις, it functions as a transitional heading: "Now as for the things being said, the main point is..."
  2. 8.4εἰ μὲν οὖν ἦν ἐπὶ γῆς, οὐδʼ ἂν ἦν ἱερεύς — A present contrafactual conditional construction using the imperfect indicative (ἦν) in the protasis and ἄν with the imperfect indicative (ἦν) in the apodosis, emphasizing the impossibility of Christ serving as a priest if He were currently on earth.
  3. 8.4ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων — A genitive absolute construction with the present participle ὄντων expressing cause ("since there are already those who offer"), pointing to the existence of established Levitical priests on earth as the reason why Christ would not be a priest on earth.
  4. 8.6ὅσῳ καὶ κρείττονός ἐστιν διαθήκης μεσίτης — The relative dative of measure of difference (ὅσῳ, "by how much") correlates with the comparative adjective (διαφορωτέρας, "more excellent") in the preceding clause, showing that the excellence of Christ's priestly ministry is directly proportional to the excellence of the covenant He mediates.
  5. 8.13ἐν τῷ λέγειν — The preposition ἐν with the articular infinitive τῷ λέγειν expressing contemporaneous action or means. In translating "by saying [New]," it shows that the very act of God calling the covenant "new" logically renders the first one obsolete.

Cite this passage

New Testament, Hebrews §8.1-8.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg019.humanitext-grc2:8.1-8.13

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