Humanitext Reader

New Testament · Hebrews §1.1-1.14

God's Revelation in the Son and His Superiority to Angels

Passage 1 of 13 · Greek

Summary

Declares that while God formerly spoke through the prophets, He has in these last days spoken definitively through the Son, and demonstrates the Son's supreme majesty and superiority to the angels through various Old Testament citations.

§1.1ΠΟΛΥΜΕΡΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΩΣ πάλαι ὁ θεὸς λαλήσας τοῖς πατράσιν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις §1.2ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν υἱῷ, ὃν ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων, διʼ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας·
Long ago, God spoke to our ancestors in many portions and in many ways through the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us in a Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom also he created the worlds.
§1.3ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ, φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος "ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ" τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς, §1.4τοσούτῳ κρείττων γενόμενος τῶν ἀγγέλων ὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρʼ αὐτοὺς κεκληρονόμηκεν ὄνομα.
He, who is the radiance of his glory and the exact representation of his being, sustaining all things by his powerful word, after making purification for sins, "sat down at the right hand" of the Majesty on high, having become as much superior to the angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.
§1.5Τίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων " Υἱός μου εἶ ξύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε, " καὶ πάλιν " Ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ εἰς πατέρα, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι εἰς υἱόν; "
For to which of the angels did he ever say, "You are my Son; today I have begotten you, "and again, "I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son?
§1.6ὅταν δὲ πάλιν εἰσαγάγῃ τὸν πρωτότοκον εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην, λέγει " Καὶ προσκυνησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ. "
"And again, when he brings the firstborn into the world, he says, "And let all God’s angels worship him.
§1.7καὶ πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἀγγέλους λέγει " Ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα· " §1.8πρὸς δὲ τὸν υἱόν "Ὁ θρόνος σου ὁ θεὸς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα [τοῦ αἰῶνος]," καὶ ἡ "ῥάβδος" τῆς "εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας" αὐτοῦ. §1.9"ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀνομίαν· " "διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέν σε ὁ θεός, ὁ θεός σου, ἔλαιον" "ἀγαλλιάσεως παρα· τοὺς μετόχους σου· " §1.10καί "Σὺ κατʼ ἀρχάς, κύριε, τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας," "καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί· " §1.11"αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται, σὺ δὲ διαμένεις· " "καὶ πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται," §1.12"καὶ ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς," ὡς ἱμάτιον "καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται· " "σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν. " §1.13πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε " Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου; "
"Of the angels he says, "He makes his angels winds, and his servants a flame of fire; "but of the Son he says, "Your throne, O God, is forever and ever," and the "scepter" of "uprightness is the scepter of his kingdom." "You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness;" "therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil" "of gladness beyond your companions." And, "You, Lord, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning," "and the heavens are the work of your hands;" "they will perish, but you remain;" "and they will all wear out like a garment," "like a cloak you will roll them up," like a garment "and they will be changed;" "but you are the same, and your years will have no end." But to which of the angels has he ever said, "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet?
§1.14οὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα εἰς διακονίαν ἀποστελλόμενα διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν;
"Are they not all ministering spirits sent out to serve for the sake of those who are to inherit salvation?

Notes

  1. §1.2ἐν υἱῷ — The anarthrous expression (υἱῷ) emphasizes the quality or status of sonship rather than referring to a specific individual as "the son." This stands in deliberate contrast to the plural and articular expression "in the prophets" (ἐν τοῖς προφήταις) in the previous clause.
  2. §1.3ποιησάμενος — The aorist middle participle indicates an action that temporally precedes the main verb "sat down" (ἐκάθισεν) ("after making purification"). In contrast, the present participles "being" (ὢν) and "sustaining" (φέρων) represent ongoing states simultaneous with the main verb.
  3. §1.8Ὁ θρόνος σου ὁ θεὸς — Although "ὁ θεός" has a nominative form, in this citation from LXX Psalm 45, it functions as a vocative ("O God, your throne is..."), reflecting Hebrew vocative usage. Another grammatical possibility is to treat it as a subject/predicate ("God is your throne"), but the standard interpretation treats it as a vocative, magnifying the divine transcendence of the Son.

Cite this passage

New Testament, Hebrews §1.1-1.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg019.humanitext-grc2:1.1-1.14

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