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Hypereides · For Lycophron §13-20

Plea of Innocence through Public Service and Call of Advocates

Passage 3 of 3 · Greek

Summary

The defendant points out the contradictions in the accusations and asserts his innocence through his lifelong public service and honors, eventually requesting the jury's permission to call an advocate to speak on his behalf as a private citizen.

§13οὐκοῦν ἄλλην μὲν οὐδεμίαν τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει γυναῖκα ἔχεις εἰπεῖν, ᾗτινι ἐγὼ τούτων αἴτιός εἰμι, περὶ ἧς δὲ νῦν τὴν κατηγορίαν πεποίησαι, πότερα ᾤου προσήκειν συνοικεῖν ἐκδεδομένην Χαρίππῳ, ἑνὶ τῶν πολιτῶν, ἢ ἀνέκδοτον ἔνδον καταγηράσκειν, ἣ εὐθὺς ἐξεδόθη τάλαντον ἀργυρίου προσθέντος αὐτῇ Εὐφήμου, δηλονότι οὐ διὰ πονηρίαν, ἀλλὰ διʼ ἐπιείκειαν;
Therefore, you cannot name any other woman in the city for whom I am responsible for such things, and as for the woman about whom you have now made the accusation, did you think it fitting for her to live with Charippus, one of the citizens, having been given in marriage, or to grow old unmarried inside her home? She was immediately given in marriage when Euphemus added a talent of silver to her dowry, obviously not because of any wickedness, but because of his goodness.
§14τούτῳ μὲν οὖν ἔξεστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ λέγειν ὅ τι ἂν βούληται καὶ καταψεύδεσθαι, ὑμᾶς δʼ οἶμαι δεῖν οὐκ ἐκ τῶν τοῦ κατηγόρου διαβολῶν περὶ ἐμοῦ δικάζειν, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἅπαντος τοῦ βίου ὃν βεβίωκα ἐξετάσαντας.
Now this man is permitted, gentlemen of the jury, both to say whatever he wishes and to make false accusations; but I think you ought not to judge me from the slanders of the accuser, but after examining the whole life that I have lived.
λαθεῖν γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος τὸ ὑμέτερον οὐκ ἔνι οὔτε πονηρὸν ὄντα οὐδένα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει οὔτε ἐπιεικῆ, ἀλλʼ ὁ παρεληλυθὼς χρόνος μάρτυς ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ τοῦ τρόπου ἀκριβέστατος, ἄλλως τε δὴ καὶ περὶ τούτων τῶν αἰτιῶν οἵα αὕτη ἐστίν.
For it is impossible for anyone in the city, whether wicked or good, to escape the notice of your multitude; rather, the past time is the most accurate witness of the character of each person, especially indeed concerning charges of the sort that this one is.
§15ὅσα μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἀδικημάτων ἐν ἁπάσῃ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ τῇ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐνδέχεται ἀδικῆσαι, ταῦτα μὲν δεῖ σκοπεῖν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐγκλήματος οὗ ἂν ἔχῃ τις· μοιχεύειν δʼ οὐκ ἐνδέχεται ἀπὸ πεντήκοντα ἐτῶν ἄνθρωπον ἀλλʼ ἢ πάλαι τοιοῦτός ἐστιν, ὃ δειξάτωσαν οὗτοι, ἢ ψευδῆ τὴν αἰτίαν εἰκὸς εἶναι.
For as for those offenses which it is possible for a man to commit at any age of life, these indeed must be examined from the accusation itself which one may face; but it is not possible for a man of fifty years to commit adultery, unless he has been such a person for a long time (which let these men demonstrate), or else it is likely that the charge is false.
§16ἐγὼ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, μεθʼ ὑμῶν διατρίβων ἐν τῇ πόλει τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον, οὔτε αἰτίαν πονηρὰν οὐδεμίαν πώποτʼ ἔλαβον, οὔτʼ ἔγκλημά μοι πρὸς οὐδένα τῶν πολιτῶν γέγονεν, οὐδὲ πέφευγα δίκην οὐδεμίαν, οὐδʼ ἕτερον δεδίωχα, ἱπποτροφῶν δὲ διατετέλεκα φιλοτίμως τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον παρὰ δύναμιν καὶ ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐσίαν τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ.
I, therefore, gentlemen of the jury, having lived in the city with you for my entire life, have never received any bad reputation, nor has there been any charge against me by any of the citizens; I have neither been a defendant in any lawsuit nor have I prosecuted anyone else. But I have continuously bred horses with public spirit during my whole life, even beyond my capability and beyond my own property.
ἐστεφάνωμαι δʼ ὑπό τε τῶν ἱππέων πάντων ἀνδραγαθίας ἕνεκα, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν συναρχόντων.
And I have been crowned both by all the cavalrymen for my bravery and by my fellow officers.
§17ὑμεῖς γάρ με, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρῶτον μὲν φύλαρχον ἐχειροτονήσατε, ἔπειτα εἰς Λῆμνον ἵππαρχον· καὶ ἦρξα μὲν αὐτόθι δύʼ ἔτη τῶν πώποθʼ ἱππαρχηκότων μόνος, προσκατέμεινα δὲ αὐτόθι τὸν τρίτον ἐνιαυτόν, οὐ βουλόμενος πολίτας ἄνδρας ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν εἰσπράττειν τὸν μισθὸν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν ἀπόρως διακειμένους.
For you, gentlemen of the jury, first elected me phylarch, and then hipparch to Lemnos; and I ruled there for two years, being the only one of all those who have ever been hipparchs to do so, and I remained there additionally for a third year, because I did not wish to ruthlessly exact from fellow citizens, who were in needy circumstances, the pay for the cavalrymen.
§18καὶ ἐν τούτῳ μοι τῷ χρόνῳ ἔγκλημα μὲν οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐκεῖ ἐνεκάλεσεν οὔτε ἰδίᾳ οὔτε δημοσίᾳ, στεφάνοις δὲ τρισὶν ἐστεφανώθην ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ ἐν Ἡφαιςτίᾳ καὶ ἑτέροις ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐν Μυρίνῃ· ἃ χρὴ τεκμήρια ὑμῖν εἶναι εἰς τοῦτον τὸν ἀγῶνα, ὡς ψευδεῖς κατʼ ἐμοῦ αἱ αἰτίαι εἰσίν.
And during this time of mine, no one of those there brought any charge against me, either privately or publicly; rather, I was crowned with three crowns by the people of Hephaestia and with others by the people of Myrina; which ought to be proofs for you in this trial that the charges against me are false.
οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε τὸν Ἀθήνησι πονηρὸν ἐν Λήμνῳ χρηστὸν εἶναι, οὐδʼ ὑμεῖς ὡς τοιοῦτον ὄντα με ἀπεστέλλετε ἐκεῖσε, παρακατατιθέμενοι δύο πόλεις τῶν ὑμετέρων αὐτῶν.
For it is not possible for a man who is wicked in Athens to be good in Lemnos, nor did you send me there as if I were such a person, entrusting to me two of your own cities.
§19ὅσα μὲν οὖν ἐγὼ εἶχον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ εἰπεῖν, σχεδὸν ἀκηκόατε.
Now indeed, gentlemen of the jury, you have heard almost all that I had to say on my own behalf.
ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὁ κατήγορος οὐκ ἀπείρως ἔχων τοῦ λέγειν, εἰωθὼς δὲ πολλάκις ἀγωνίζεσθαι, ἐκάλει συνηγόρους τοὺς συναπολοῦντάς τινα τῶν πολιτῶν ἀδίκως, δέομαι ὑμῶν καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ ἀντιβολῶ κελεῦσαι κἀμὲ καλέσαι τοὺς συνεροῦντας ἐμοὶ ὑπὲρ τηλικούτου ἀγῶνος, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι εὐνοικῶς, εἴ τίς μοι ἔχει τῶν οἰκείων ἢ τῶν φίλων βοηθῆσαι, §20πολίτῃ μὲν ὄντι ὑμετέρῳ, ἰδιώτῃ δὲ καὶ οὐκ εἰωθότι λέγειν, ἀγωνιζομένῳ δὲ καὶ κινδυνεύοντι οὐ μόνον περὶ θανάτου, ἐλάχιστον γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν τοῖς ὀρθῶς λογιζομένοις, ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἐξορισθῆναι καὶ ἀποθανόντα μηδὲ ἐν τῇ πατρίδι ταφῆναι.
But since the accuser, being not inexperienced in speaking and accustomed to contending often, has called advocates who would join in unjustly destroying one of the citizens, I too beg and entreat you to command me also to call those who will speak with me in a trial of such magnitude, and to listen favorably if any of my relatives or friends is able to assist me, who am your citizen, but a private individual and unaccustomed to speaking, and who am contending and running a risk not only concerning death—for this is the least of things to those who reason rightly—but concerning being exiled and, having died, not even being buried in my fatherland.
ἐὰν οὖν κελεύητε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καλῶ τινα βοηθήσοντα.
If therefore you permit, gentlemen of the jury, I call someone who will assist.
ἀνάβηθί μοι, Θεόφιλε, καὶ σύνειπε ὅ τι ἔχεις· κελεύουσιν οἱ δικασταί.
Come up on my behalf, Theophilus, and say what you have to say; the judges permit you.

Notes

  1. §14λαθεῖν γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος τὸ ὑμέτερον οὐκ ἔνι — The word ἔνι stands for ἔνεστι ('it is possible') and takes the infinitive λαθεῖν ('to escape notice'). Thus, the phrase means 'it is impossible to escape the notice of your multitude.' The logical subject of the infinitive is the following accusative phrase (οὐδένα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει οὔτε πονηρὸν ὄντα οὔτε ἐπιεικῆ).
  2. §15ἀλλʼ ἤ — An idiomatic combination meaning 'except' or 'unless.' Used in connection with the preceding negative (οὐκ ἐνδέχεται), it introduces the only exception: 'unless he has been such a person for a long time.'
  3. §17ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν — Literally meaning 'headlong' or 'headfirst,' here it is used as a figurative expression to describe violent or aggressive enforcement, meaning 'by force' or 'ruthlessly' in the context of collecting money from impoverished citizens.
  4. §20πολίτῃ μὲν ὄντι ὑμετέρῳ... — These dative participles and adjectives agree with the dative pronoun ἐμοί ('me' or 'for me') implicit from the previous section (§19, 'to call those who will speak on my behalf'). The speaker describes himself ('being your citizen, but a private individual...') to evoke the jury's sympathy.

Cite this passage

Hypereides, For Lycophron §13-20. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0030.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:13-20

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